Products The first agent in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group to be approved was exenatide (Byetta) in the United States in 2005 and in many countries and the EU in 2006. In the meantime, several other drugs have been registered (see below). These drugs are also known as incretin mimetics. They are commercially available as … GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Symptoms The possible acute symptoms of type 2 diabetes include: Thirst (polydipsia) and hunger (polyphagia). Increased urination (polyuria). Visual disturbances Weight loss Fatigue, exhaustion, declining performance. Poor wound healing, infectious diseases. Skin lesions, itching Acute complications: Hyperacidity (ketoacidosis), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Untreated diabetes is far from harmless and can lead in the longer term to … Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Causes and Treatment
Products Exenatide is commercially available as an injectable (Byetta, Bydureon). It was approved in the United States in 2005 as the first agent in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group (Byetta). In many countries, the drug was registered a year later. The long-acting Bydureon Pen was approved in many countries in 2012, with additional approval as … Exenatide
Effects Antiadiposita differ in their effects. They inhibit appetite or increase satiety, reduce the absorption of food components in the intestine or promote their utilization, increase energy metabolism and degrading metabolic processes. The ideal slimming agent would enable rapid, high and stable weight loss and at the same time be very well tolerated and applicable … Slimming Products
Products Lixisenatide was approved as a subcutaneous solution for injection in the EU in 2012, in the United States in 2016, and in many countries in 2017 (Lyxumia). Lixisenatide is also combined with insulin glargine; see iGlarLixi (Suliqua). Structure and properties Lixisenatide is a peptide and GLP1 analog of 44 amino acids that, like exenatide, … Lixisenatide
Products Liraglutide was approved in many countries in 2009 as a solution for injection in a prefilled pen (Victoza). In 2014, a fixed-dose combination with insulin degludec was released (Xultophy); see IDegLira. In 2016, Saxenda was registered for the treatment of overweight and obesity. Its related successor, semaglutide, unlike liraglutide, only needs to be injected … Liraglutide
Products Gliptins are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets. Sitagliptin (Januvia) was the first representative to be approved in the United States in 2006. Today, various active ingredients and combination products are commercially available (see below). They are also called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Structure and properties Some gliptins have a proline-like structure because … Gliptine
Active ingredients Insulins substitute for endogenous insulin: Human insulin Insulin analogues Biguanides reduce hepatic glucose formation: Metformin (Glucophage, generic). Sulfonylureas promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Glibenclamide (Daonil, generic). Glibornuride (Glutril, off label). Gliclazide (Diamicron, generic). Glimepiride (Amaryl, generics) Glinides promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Repaglinide (NovoNorm, generic). Nateglinide (Starlix) Glitazones decrease peripheral insulin … Antidiabetics
Products Dulaglutide was approved as a solution for injection in many countries in 2015 (Trulicity). Structure and properties Dulaglutide (ATC A10BJ05) is a fusion protein consisting of two identical chains linked by disulfide bridges. The chains contain: The GLP-1 analog (sequence segment 7-37), which is 90% the same as the natural GLP-1 segment. It has … Dulaglutide
Products Albiglutide was approved in many countries, in the EU, and in the United States in 2014 in the form of an injectable (Eperzan). Structure and properties Albiglutide is a GLP-1 dimer (fragment of 30 amino acids, 7-36) fused to the human protein albumin. The amino acid alanine at position 8 has been replaced by … Albiglutide
Products Semaglutide was approved in the US and EU in 2017 and in many countries in 2018 as a solution for injection (Ozempic). The agent is structurally and pharmacologically related to liraglutide (Victoza), which, unlike semaglutide, is injected once daily (both Novo Nordisk). In 2019, tablets containing semaglutide were approved for the first time in … Semaglutide
Products The fixed combination Xultophy was approved in many countries and in the EU in 2014 as an injection solution in a prefilled pen. It was released in the United States in 2016. Structure and properties IDegLira is the name given to the combination of the insulin insulin degludec (IDeg, Tresiba) with the GLP-1 receptor … IDegLira
