The pericardium is a sac of connective tissue that encases the human heart. It also bears the name pericardium. What is the pericardium? The pericardium is known as the pericardium, pericardum or cavitas pericardialis. With two layers of tissue, it surrounds the human heart. By providing a narrow layer of lubrication, the double-walled sac ensures … Pericardium: Structure, Function & Diseases
Synonyms Cardia, pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Medical: Cor Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium. The next and by far the thickest layer is the heart muscle (myocardium). It is the actual motor of the cardiovascular system. The muscles are separated from the blood only by a very thin layer of cells (endocardium), which is very smooth on … Heart
HistologyTissue The endocardium is a flat, unicellular layer that separates the chamber muscles from the blood. It corresponds functionally to the inner lining of the blood vessels (endothelium). Its function, preventing the formation of a blood clot (thrombus), is ensured by its special smooth surface and by the production of anticoagulants (nitrogen monoxide (NO), prostacyclin). … HistologyTissue | Heart
The heart consists of different layers. The outermost layer of the heart wall is the epicardium (outer skin of the heart). The epicardium is firmly attached to the underlying myocardium (heart muscle tissue). Structure/Histology To understand the entire structure of the layers, it is best to take another look at the entire heart. On the … Epicardium
The heart consists of different layers. The innermost layer is the endocardium. As the innermost layer, it comes into direct contact with the blood that flows through the heart. The endocardium (from inside to outside) contains the myocardium (the layer of the heart muscle) and the epicardium (the outer skin of the heart). The pericardium, … Endocardium
Diseases The inflammation of the inner skin of the heart is called endocarditis. Untreated, this disease is usually fatal, but nowadays it is easily treatable with antibiotics. Other diseases are Löffler’s endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis. Diagnostics Echocardiography is used to visualize the endocardium. This allows the heart valves in particular to be examined very well. … Diseases | Endocardium
Anatomy The AV node, like the sinus node, is located in the right atrium. However, it lies further down, more precisely at the transition to the right ventricle and thus in Koch’s triangle. Just like the sinus node, the AV node does not consist of nerve cells, but of specialized heart muscle cells that have … AV node
An accumulation of water in the pericardium – also called pericardial effusion – refers to the presence of fluid between the two connective tissue membranes surrounding the heart (pericardial cavity). This accumulation of water can occur both acutely and chronically. In a healthy person, there is about 20ml of fluid in the pericardium, which is … Water in the pericardium – Dangerous?
Symptoms If only small amounts of water are present in the pericardium, few to no symptoms occur. However, if there is a lot of fluid, a variety of symptoms occur. These are caused by the fact that the heart is spatially constricted in its pericardium and cannot really expand during contraction or pumping. As a … Symptoms | Water in the pericardium – Dangerous?
Diagnosis The method of choice for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion is ultrasound diagnostics (sonography), in which the water in the pericardium can be visualized. Computer tomography (CT) can also be used to visualize fluid between the two pericardium layers. After visual confirmation of water accumulation, fluid is usually taken from the pericardial cavity (puncture) … Diagnosis | Water in the pericardium – Dangerous?
Duration Among the most common causes of water accumulation in the pericardium are various infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, Coxsackie viruses, HIV or herpes. However, frequently existing autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus, can also cause pericardial effusion. Other triggers can be metabolic diseases (e.g. uremia), malignant tumors or metastases, traumas, … Duration | Water in the pericardium – Dangerous?
