The phrenic nerve is a mixed nerve that provides motor innervation to the diaphragm. Thus, the nerve is involved in respiration. Complete paralysis of the structure is life-threatening. What is the phrenic nerve? The plexus of nerves in the neck is titled by the technical term cervical plexus. The nerve structure contains both motor and … Phrenic Nerve: Structure, Function & Diseases
Chest pain causes fear and discomfort for most people. As it is common knowledge that chest pain occurs during a heart attack, it is mainly associated with that symptomatology. Although on average men are more likely to have heart attacks, women are equally concerned when chest pain occurs. In women, an important gender difference comes … Chest pain in the woman
Abdominal organs Due to the local proximity of the upper abdominal organs to the thorax, it can happen that pain that is caused in the abdomen is displayed in the chest. Here too, inflammatory processes are an important aspect. Gastritis, the inflammation of the stomach lining, is not a serious disease. It has already occurred … Abdominal organs | Chest pain in the woman
Muscles and skeleton Severe tension or physical overexertion can cause pain in the chest muscles. Small muscle fibre tears, which appear 1 to 2 days later as so-called “muscle ache”, but also larger muscle fibre or muscle bundle tears can occur, which involve a long phase of physical restriction. Caution must always be exercised with … Muscles and skeleton | Chest pain in the woman
Chest pain caused by the pill The pill is a hormonal contraceptive. Depending on its chemical composition, it influences the different hormones in women. Oestrogen, one of the hormones, promotes, among other things, the build-up of fatty tissue in the breast, which makes it larger. Pills that influence the oestrogen level therefore also have an … Chest pain caused by the pill | Chest pain in the woman
Definition Pericardial tamponade is an acute and life-threatening clinical picture in which fluid accumulates inside the pericardium, which can be accompanied by severe functional limitations of the heart muscle. The heart muscle is surrounded by several layers of connective tissue. The so-called pericardium, also known as the pericardium, shields the heart from the remaining organs … Pericardial tamponade
Complication The pericardial tamponade itself already represents a life-threatening complication of serious heart or lung diseases. The impending complication of pericardial tamponade is a further restriction of heart function, which can lead to cardiac arrest in various ways. A potential loss of blood via bleeding into the pericardium and the chest can also lead to … Complication | Pericardial tamponade
Causes Numerous causes can cause unusual fluid accumulation in the pericardium. The nature of the fluid in question can provide important clues to the underlying disease. Clear or turbid fluids, pus or blood may be present. Important causes of acute pericardial tamponades are injuries to the heart. These can be externally inflicted injuries such as … Causes | Pericardial tamponade
I recognize a pericardial tamponade by these symptoms The diagnosis of pericardial tamponade must be made as quickly as possible, since the clinical picture can be fatal within a short time and timely treatment can significantly alter the prognosis. Initial indications for the diagnosis are given by the typical symptoms and physical manifestations. Those affected … I recognize a pericardial tamponade by these symptoms | Pericardial tamponade
Definition The sinus node (also: sinuatrial node, SA node) is the primary electrical pacemaker of the heart and is largely responsible for heart rate and excitation. Function of the sinus node The heart is a muscle that pumps on its own, which means it is not dependent on nerves like most muscles. This is because … Sinus node
Sinus node defect If the sinus node fails as the primary pacemaker and stimulation center of the heart, a secondary pacemaker must step in for it (sick sinus syndrome). This is called the atrioventricular node (AV node) and can take over the function of the sinus node to a certain extent. It generates a rhythm … Sinus node defect | Sinus node
Definition and function The pericardium, also called pericardium in medicine, is a bag made of connective tissue that surrounds the heart, except for the outgoing vessels. The pericardium serves as a protective cover and prevents the heart from expanding excessively. Anatomy and position The pericardium consists of two layers: the layer that lies directly on … Pericardium
