Zidovudine (AZT)

Products Zidovudine is commercially available as film-coated tablets, capsules, and syrup (Retrovir AZT, combination products). It was approved in 1987 as the first AIDS drug. Structure and properties Zidovudine (C10H13N5O4, Mr = 267.2 g/mol) or 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (AZT) is an analog of thymidine. It exists as an odorless, white to beige, crystalline substance that is soluble … Zidovudine (AZT)

Stavudine

Products Stavudine is commercially available in capsule form (Zerit). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Stavudine (C10H12N2O4, Mr = 224.2 g/mol) is a thymidine analog with a missing 3′-hydroxy group. It is a prodrug that is biotransformed intracellularly to the active metabolite stavudine triphosphate. Stavudine exists as a white … Stavudine

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)

Effects Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ATC J05AF) have antiviral properties against HIV. The effects are due to inhibition of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA and is important for viral replication. Structure and properties Within the drug group, two distinct classes are distinguished. The so-called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, abbreviated NRTIs, … Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)

Abacavir

Products Abacavir is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as an oral solution (Ziagen, combination products). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Generic versions are approved. Structure and properties Abacavir (C14H18N6O, Mr = 286.3 g/mol) is present in drugs, among other forms, as abacavir sulfate, a white crystalline powder that is soluble … Abacavir

Efavirenz

Products Efavirenz is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as an oral solution (Stocrin, combination products, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Structure and properties Efavirenz (C14H9ClF3NO2, Mr = 315.7 g/mol) exists as a white to light pink crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It has a non-nucleoside structure … Efavirenz

Antiviralia

Products Direct antiviralia are commercially available as drugs in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, and creams, among others. The first antiviral agent was approved in the 1960s (idoxuridine). Structure and properties Antivirala are a large group of drugs and have no uniform chemical structure. However, groups can be formed, such as the nucleoside analogs. … Antiviralia

Emtricitabine

Products Emtricitabine is commercially available as a monopreparation in the form of capsules and as an oral solution (Emtriva, combination products, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2004. Structure and properties Emtricitabine (C8H10FN3O3S, Mr = 247.2 g/mol) is a thioanalog of cytidine with a fluorine atom at the 5-position. It exists as … Emtricitabine

Zalcitabine

Products Zalcitabine is not commercially available in many countries. Structure and properties Zalcitabine (C9H13N3O3, Mr = 211.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. Effects Zalcitabine (ATC J05AF03) is antiviral. It is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. Indications HIV, combination antiretroviral therapy.

Nevirapine

Products Nevirapine is commercially available in tablet and sustained-release tablet form (Viramune, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Nevirapine (C15H14N4O, Mr = 266.3 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It has a non-nucleoside structure. Effects Nevirapine (ATC J05AG01) has antiviral properties … Nevirapine

Adefovir

Products Adefovir is commercially available in tablet form (Hepsera). It has been approved in the United States since 2002, in the EU since 2003, and in many countries since 2004. It was actually originally developed to treat HIV infection, but was not approved for that purpose. Structure and properties Adefovir is present in the drug … Adefovir

Etravirine

Products Etravirine is commercially available in tablet form (Intelence). It has been approved in many countries since 2008. Structure and properties Etravirine (C20H15BrN6O, Mr = 435.3 g/mol) is a brominated aminopyrimidine and a benzonitrile derivative. It exists as a white to slightly yellow-brown powder and is practically insoluble in water. Etravirine has a non-nucleoside structure … Etravirine

Didanosine

Products Didanosine was commercially available in the form of capsules (Videx EC). It was first approved in 1991 as the second HIV drug after AZT (EC = enteric coated, capsules filled with enteric granules). Structure and properties Didanosine (C10H12N4O3, Mr = 236.2 g/mol) corresponds to 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine, a synthetic nucleoside analog of deoxyadenosine. The 3′-hydroxy group … Didanosine