Products Buprenorphine is commercially available as sublingual tablets, transdermal patch and injection solution, and depot injection solution (e.g., Temgesic, Transtec, Subutex, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1979. Structure and properties Buprenorphine (C29H41NO4, Mr = 467.6 g/mol) is present in drugs as buprenorphine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble … Buprenorphine
Products Androgens are commercially available as oral tablets and capsules, transdermal gels and transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Testosterone was first isolated in the 1930s. Structure and properties Androgens generally have a steroidal structure and are related to testosterone. They are steroid hormones that are often present as esters in drugs. Effects Androgens (ATC … Androgens: Steroid Hormones
Products Estradiol is commercially available in tablet, transdermal patch, transdermal gel, vaginal ring, and vaginal tablet forms, among others. It is also combined fixed with progestogens. Structure and properties Estradiol (C18H24O2, Mr = Mr = 272.4 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Synthetic estradiol is bioidentical with human … Estradiol
Products On the one hand, anabolic steroids are on the market as approved drugs, for example testosterone and other androgens. On the other hand, many agents are also produced and distributed illegally. Structure and properties Anabolic steroids structurally correspond to or are derived from androgens, the male sex hormones. The prototype of the group is … Anabolic Steroids: Synthetic Testosterone
Products Nitrates are commercially available in the form of chewable capsules, transdermal patches, infusion preparations, ointment, sustained-release tablets, sustained-release capsules, and sprays. As the first representative, nitroglycerin was already produced in the 19th century and used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Nitrates are thus among the oldest synthetic drugs. Structure and properties Organic nitrates … Organic Nitrates
Definition and properties The administration or application of a drug refers to its use on the body. The dosage forms (drug forms) used for this purpose consist of the active ingredients and excipients. These include, for example, tablets, capsules, solutions, syrups, injectables, creams, ointments, eye drops, ear drops, and suppositories. Drugs can be liquid, semi-solid, … Administration
Products Scopolamine is currently sold in many countries exclusively in the form of eye drops. The transdermal patch Scopoderm TTS and other medications are no longer available. In some countries, other medicines containing scopolamine are available, such as Kwells motion sickness tablets and the Transderm Scop transdermal patch. This article refers to peroral use. In … Scopolamine
Products Rotigotine is commercially available as a transdermal patch in various potencies (Neupro). It was approved in many countries in 2006 as the first TTS for Parkinson’s disease therapy. Structure and properties Rotigotine (C19H25NOS, Mr = 315.5 g/mol) is an aminotetralin and thiophene derivative structurally related to dopamine. It has a non-ergoline structure and exists … Rotigotine
Products Nitroglycerin has been approved in many countries since 1981 in the form of a transdermal patch (Nitroderm, others). Structure and properties Nitroglycerin or glycerol trinitrate (C3H5N3O9, Mr = 227.1 g/mol) is an organic nitrate. It is nitrated glycerol. Nitroglycerin exists as an oily liquid and is explosive if not stabilized. Synthesis Effects Nitroglycerin (ATC … Nitroglycerin Patch
Products Rectogesic ointment is approved in many countries (some countries: Rectiv). Nitroglycerin ointments are also used in a higher concentration for transdermal treatment of angina (2%). This article refers to rectal administration for anal fissure. Structure and properties Nitroglycerin or glycerol trinitrate (C3H5N3O9, Mr = 227.1 g/mol) is nitrated glycerol. Pure nitroglycerin is explosive and … Nitroglycerin Ointment
Products Dopamine agonists are commercially available in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Structure and properties The first active ingredients, such as bromocriptine (Figure), were derived from ergot alkaloids. These are referred to as ergoline dopamine agonists. Later, agents with a nonergoline structure, such as pramipexole, were also developed. … Dopamine Agonists
Products Testosterone is commercially available as a drug product including transdermal gel, transdermal patch, transdermal solution, and injectable. In some countries, other dosage forms such as buccal tablets are available. Andriol Testocaps capsules have been discontinued in many countries since 2020. Structure and properties Testosterone (C19H28O2, Mr = 288.4 g/mol) is a steroid. It exists … Testosterone Effects
