Products Revefenacin was approved in the United States in 2018 as a monodose inhalation solution (Yupelri). The active ingredient belongs to the LAMA group. Structure and properties Revefenacin (C35H43N5O4, Mr = 597.8 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder and is sparingly soluble in water. It has an active metabolite formed by hydrolysis. Effects Revefenacin … Revefenacin
Products Solifenacin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Vesicare, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. Structure and properties Solifenacin (C23H26N2O2, Mr = 362.5 g/mol) is a tertiary amine and a phenylquinoline derivative that has structural similarities to atropine. It is present in drugs as (1)-(3)-solifenacin succinate, a white … Solifenacin
Products Propiverine was approved in many countries in 2020 in the form of modified-release hard capsules (Mictonorm). Later, coated tablets were also registered (Mictonet). This is an older active ingredient that was available earlier in Germany, for example. Structure and properties Propiverine (C23H29NO3, Mr = 367.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as propiverine hydrochloride. Active … Propiverine
Products Darifenacin is commercially available in the form of sustained-release tablets (Emselex). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Structure and properties Darifenacin (C28H30N2O2, Mr = 426.6 g/mol) is a tertiary amine. It is present in drugs as darifenacin hydrobromide, a white crystalline powder. Effects Darifenacin (ATC G04BD10) has parasympatholytic properties. It is … Darifenacin
Products Glycopyrronium bromide is commercially available in the form of hard capsules with a powder for inhalation (Seebri Breezhaler). It was approved in the EU in 2012 and in many countries in April 2013. Glycopyrronium bromide is also combined fixed with indacaterol (Ultibro Breezhaler, approved in many countries in 2014). In 2020, a combination of … Glycopyrronium Bromide
Products LAMAs are commercially available as powders and inhalation solutions and are administered with a specially designed inhaler or with a nebulizer (nebulizer). LAMA is the acronym for , which means long-acting antagonists at muscarinic receptors. Structure and properties LAMAs are derived from the parasympatholytic atropine, which is a natural plant constituent found in various … LAMA
Products Tiotropium bromide is commercially available in the form of capsules for inhalation and has been approved since 2002 (Spiriva). The capsules are inhaled using the Spiriva HandiHaler. The inhalation solution (Spiriva Respimat) was approved in many countries in 2016. Tiotropium bromide is the successor to ipratropium bromide (Atrovent, both Boehringer Ingelheim). In 2016, a … Tiotropium Bromide
Products Umeclidinium bromide is commercially available as a powder for inhalation as a monopreparation (Incruse Ellipta) and as a fixed combination with vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta, LAMA–LABA combination). It was approved in many countries in 2014. In 2017, a combination of umeclidinium bromide, fluticasone furoate, and vilanterol was released in the EU (Trelegy Ellipta), and in … Umeclidinium Bromide
Products Ipratropium bromide is commercially available as an inhalation solution, metered-dose inhaler, and nasal spray (Atrovent, Rhinovent, generics). Combination preparations with beta2-sympathomimetics are also commercially available (Dospir, Berodual N, generics). Pharmacies also produce inhalation solutions with ipratropium bromide as extemporaneous preparations. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties … Ipratropium Bromide
Products Scopolamine is currently sold in many countries exclusively in the form of eye drops. The transdermal patch Scopoderm TTS and other medications are no longer available. In some countries, other medicines containing scopolamine are available, such as Kwells motion sickness tablets and the Transderm Scop transdermal patch. This article refers to peroral use. In … Scopolamine
Products Scopolamine butylbromide is available worldwide in the form of dragées, suppositories, and as a solution for injection. It has been commercially available in Germany and in many countries since 1952 (Buscopan, Boehringer Ingelheim) in the form of the dragées and suppositories even without a doctor’s prescription. In some countries, a combination with the analgesic … Scopolamine Butyl Bromide
Products Metixen was commercially available in combination with other active ingredients in tablet form (formerly Spasmo-Canulase). It had been approved in many countries since 1964. Structure and properties Metixen (C20H23NS, Mr = 309.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as metixene hydrochloride, racemate, and monohydrate, a white crystalline or fine crystalline powder soluble in water. Effects … Metixen
