trimethoprim

Sulfonamides

Effect Antibacterial Bakeriostatic Antiparasitic against protozoa Mechanism of action Sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of folic acid in microorganisms. They are structural analogues (antimetabolites) of the natural substrate p-aminobenzoic acid and competitively displace it. Trimethoprim, used in combination with sulfamethoxazole, has a synergistic effect. Indications Bacterial infectious diseases caused by: Streptococcus Pneumococcus Actinomycetes Nocardia, e.g. nocaridosis … Sulfonamides

Dapsone

Products Dapsone is approved in Germany in tablet form (Dapsone-Fatol). In the USA, it is additionally on the market as a gel for the treatment of acne (Aczone). No preparations are currently registered in many countries. Structure and properties Dapsone or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (C12H12N2O2S, Mr = 248.3 g/mol) is a sulfone and aniline derivative with structural … Dapsone

Cystitis: Inflammation of the Bladder

Symptoms Acute, uncomplicated bladder infections are among the most common infectious diseases in women. A bladder infection is considered uncomplicated or simple when the urinary tract is functionally and structurally normal and there are no diseases that promote infection, for example, diabetes mellitus or immunosuppression. Symptoms include: Painful, frequent and difficult urination. Strong urge to … Cystitis: Inflammation of the Bladder

Vanillin

Products Pure vanillin is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Vanillin is an ingredient in many products (see below). Vanillin sugar, a mixture of sugar and vanillin, is available in grocery stores. Structure and properties Vanillin (C8H8O3, Mr = 152.1 g/mol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) exists as a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in … Vanillin

Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Products Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are commercially available in tablet and syrup form (Bactrim, generics). The drug has been approved in many countries since 1969. The Bactrim syrup is no longer available, but a generic is available (Nopil syrup). The fixed combination of the two active ingredients is also called cotrimoxazole. Structure and properties Trimethoprim (C14H18N4O3, … Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Methotrexate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Methotrexate is commercially available as a solution for parenteral use and in tablet form. See also under methotrexate prefilled syringe (low-dose). Structure and properties Methotrexate (C20H22N8O5, Mr = 454.44 g/mol) is a dicarboxylic acid that exists as a yellow to orange crystalline powder that is virtually insoluble in water. Methotrexate was developed as a … Methotrexate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Trimethoprim: Effects, Uses & Risks

The active substance trimethoprim is an antibiotic that belongs to the category of diaminopyrimidines. The drug is used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. The drug trimethoprim is especially frequently used for the treatment of cystitis in female patients. As a rule, the drug is taken in the morning and evening after meals. … Trimethoprim: Effects, Uses & Risks

Rosiglitazone

Products Rosiglitazone was commercially available in tablet form (Avandia). It had been approved since 1999 and was also commercially available in fixed combination with the biguanide metformin (Avandamet). The combination with the sulfonylurea glimepiride (Avaglim, EU, off-label) was not approved in many countries. A publication in on possible cardiovascular risks led to a controversy about … Rosiglitazone

Sulfachloropyridazine

Products Sulfachloropyridazine is commercially available as a drug premix in combination with trimethoprim (Cosumix Plus 120). It has been approved in many countries since 1980. Structure and properties Sulfachloropyridazine (C10H9ClN4O2S, Mr = 284.7 g/mol) Effects Sulfachloropyridazine (ATCvet QJ01EW12) is antibacterial. Indications Prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in swine and poultry.

Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)

Background Potassium ions play an important role in many biological processes, particularly in the generation of membrane and action potentials and electrical conduction in nerve cells and the heart. Potassium is 98% localized intracellularly. The primary active transporter Na+/K+-ATPase provides transport into cells. Two hormones maintain the deep extracellular potassium concentration. The first is insulin, … Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)

Typhoid

Symptoms After an incubation period of 7-14 (up to 60) days, the following symptoms appear, initially resembling influenza: Fever Headache Irritative cough Feeling sick, tiredness Muscle pain Abdominal pain, diarrhea in adults, constipation in children. Rash on the abdomen and chest. Swelling of the spleen and liver Slow pulse There are numerous known possible complications. … Typhoid

Pramipexole

Products Pramipexole is commercially available in tablet and sustained-release tablet form (Sifrol, Sifrol ER, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1997; generics were released in 2010 and entered the market in January 2011. Sifrol ER sustained-release tablets were relaunched by the original manufacturer in 2010. Structure and properties Pramipexole (C10H17N3S, Mr = … Pramipexole