A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further:
- Inspection (viewing).
- Skin and mucous membranes
- Abdomen (abdomen)
- Shape of the abdomen?
- Skin color? Skin texture?
- Efflorescences (skin changes)?
- Pulsations? Bowel movements?
- Visible vessels?
- Scars? Hernias (fractures)?
- Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (belly) and inguinal region (groin region) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, renal bearing knocking pain?) [ [cystitis (urinary bladder inflammation)]
- Inspection of the genital and urethra [urethritis (urethritis)]
- Digital rectal examination (DRU): examination of the rectum (rectum) and adjacent organs with the finger by palpation (assessment of the prostate in size, shape and consistency, if necessary, detection of indurations (tissue hardening)).
- Inspection (viewing).
- Cancer screening
- Urological examination [due todifferential diagnoses:
- Bladder outlet stenosis (urinary bladder outlet stenosis).
- Foreign body in the bladder
- Urinary bladder stones
- Ischuria (urinary retention)
- Advanced urinary bladder tumors, unspecified]
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathologic physical findings.
