2nd order laboratory parameters
- TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone).
- Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TRAK, also TSH receptor autoantibodies, TSHR-AK) [Graves’ disease].
- TPO-Ak (TPO antibodies) [chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis): detectable in 90% of cases; active Graves’ disease: detectable in 70% of cases]
- Total antioxidant capacity
- Vitamin C
- 25-OH vitamin D
- Folic acid
- Glutathione
- Selenium
- Superoxide dismutase
- Punch biopsy (procedure to obtain a cylinder of tissue from regions of the body suspected of disease for the purpose of histological (fine tissue) examination; in rare cases).
