1. hierarchization according to characteristic groups

The hierarchization of sports performance is the classification of partial performances/factors into different levels of explanation, which are irreversibly based on each other. (Which characteristics are important for the performance)The hierarchization is the first step in the training-scientific performance diagnostics and takes place in vertical direction. The higher, the more complex. The hierarchization is based on scientific and theoretical considerations. 2 Suitable models for hierarchization are:

Deduction chains (BALLREICH)
Performance pyramids (LETZELTER)

2. relations of internal order

This step refers to the connection of the individual influence variables within a level and the connection of the influence variables between the levels: Correlation analyses and factor analyses are used to analyze the correlations. In short: If the correlation of the individual characteristics is high, this results in an economy of trainability for training practice. (positive transfer effects, e.g. with the training of the maximum power the explosive power improves as well)Example 10 Fight: Which disciplines in 10 Fight have a high correlation?

– 100 meter sprint and long jump improve similarly with the same training. 100 meters and javelin throwing correlate only very poorly.

Layer immanents: Relationships of the characteristics within a layer
Cross-level: Interrelationships of characteristics of different levels of explanation
Positive internal relationships (Training feature A improves feature B, see above)
Negative internal relationship (training feature A worsens feature B, aerobic endurance and sprinting power)
Independent characteristics (Training of characteristic A neither improves nor worsens the performance)

3. prioritization of the influencing factors

During the prioritization process, the valences of the training goals are established. It is about determining the leading characteristics of a performance. Examples of leading characteristics are: The goal is to create a priority catalog that determines the trainability.Note, however, that the order of the training objectives and the order of the individual influencing variables do not have to be the same in the priority catalog.

An influencing factor only makes sense if it can be trained. Four steps to prioritize influencing factors (not reversible): Two further steps to prioritize training goals: 5. determine the features that are only optimized and those that are maximized. (each the relationships.

Example maximum force: For weightlifters it must be maximum, for sprinters only optimal)6. Determination of the trainability of the characteristics. (e.g. body height is especially important for basketball, but trainability is 0.

Only parameters that can be trained make sense. Differentiation in: ability specific, age specific, gender specific and qualification specific)

The starting speed of the long jump is about 2/3 of the competition performance –> long jumpers must therefore have a high sprint ability
The maximum force is 3/5 of the shot put power –> Shot puters must therefore place a high value on training the maximum force.
Determination of all hypothetical performance relevant characteristics. (What could all be important?
not scientifically proven! )
Determination of all logical performance relevant characteristics. (Are obvious)
Determination of all empirical and statistically performance relevant characteristics. (Significance has been proven by analysis of variance or correlation analysis)
Determination of the sequence of empirical-statistical performance relevant characteristics. (This is the priority catalog: determined by correlation coefficients, mean value differences between performance groups expressed in standard values, regression coefficients from multiple correlation and regression analyses)