Symptoms
Many people who suffer from type 2 diabetes do not even know this, as they can go for years without noticeable symptoms of diabetes. If symptoms do exist, they are usually very uncharacteristic such as fatigue, headaches or poor vision and are therefore overlooked. As a result, the diagnosis is often made by chance, because a person with the disease appears to the doctor for other reasons.
In contrast to type 1 diabetes, weight loss, increased urge to urinate or increased thirstiness are very rare in this type of diabetes, and if they do, then only at a late stage of the disease. This is because this type does not appear suddenly, but develops gradually. This carries the risk that at the time of diagnosis the disease is already so far advanced that consequential damage has already occurred or is at least difficult to avoid.
Symptoms or secondary diseases of diabetes, which, however, only occur if the diabetes remains undetected or is poorly treated, include high blood pressure, heart attack, vascular diseases (especially in the area of the retina, which can lead to diabetic retinopathy and in the worst case to loss of vision), neuropathy and renal insufficiency. Insulin is a hormone of the human body. Its main function is to regulate the uptake of glucose in body cells by lowering the blood sugar level. Insulin is the natural antagonist of the hormone glucagon.
Insulin – Education
Insulin is produced in the so-called beta-cells in cell aggregations, the so-called islets of Langerhans, of the pancreas.The finished hormone is produced in the beta cells via two precursors, preproinsulin and proinsulin, and is also stored in these cells within small membrane spheres called Golgi vesicles and released from the cells as required. A rising blood sugar level (from about 4 mmol glucose/l blood) is the most important signal for the beta cells to release the insulin. The glucose molecules are taken up by the beta cell, where they initiate a biochemical process that causes the membranes of the vesicles in which the insulin is stored to fuse with the cell membrane (exocytosis) and then empty into the bloodstream. Weaker stimuli are an increase in other hormones or an increase in fatty acids. Insulin is released every 3 to 6 minutes.
