Associated symptoms

In addition to the swelling, pain, itching, a restriction of movement and stiffness of the wrist or a rash may occur. The hand may also be overheated. All these factors allow conclusions to be drawn about the cause of the wrist swelling.

Accompanying itching makes an allergic reaction likely. In this case, further skin changes, such as a rash or redness, should be considered. In addition, skin problems, such as neurodermatitis, are a possible cause.

If stiffness of the wrist occurs in addition, a rheumatic illness must be clarified, especially if this occurs regularly in the morning. An overheated, reddened wrist indicates an inflammatory process, e.g. as part of an infection. If the wrist hurts additionally, traumatic causes or inflammation in this area are likely.

The exact localization of the pain must be determined. On the back of the hand, pain can be caused by wear and tear of the joints (arthrosis), ganglions (overlegs, bulging of a tendon sheath), infections or injuries such as broken bones. Swollen wrists need not be accompanied by pain symptoms.

A common cause of swelling of the hands and wrists is water retention. They can be caused by venous weakness, muscle strain, at the end of the day, by certain medications or seemingly without cause for hours on end. As a rule, there is no pain, only a feeling of tension in the skin can occur.

If there is considerable swelling, unpleasant restrictions in the movement of the wrist can also occur. Pain often only develops in the long term in the case of edema. The soft tissues in the area of the swelling can be damaged after some time by the increased tissue pressure, which can lead to tingling, pain and numbness. A venous insufficiency with persistent congestion of the blood can also lead to painful skin ulcers and poorly healing wounds in the long term.

Diagnosis

The doctor will first ask exactly what the symptoms are and how long they have been present. In addition, he or she will want to know whether there was a triggering event or activity and whether they improve or worsen with exercise. Additional complaints are also important, as are previous illnesses and medications taken.

Depending on this, the wrist will be examined: this can be done manually or by means of imaging diagnostics, such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, a blood sample can be taken to obtain a rough overview of organ functions, especially with regard to uric acid and inflammation levels and kidney function. If necessary, it may also be necessary to puncture the wrist and thus take a sample of synovial fluid. Arthroscopy is also possible.