Basal cell carcinoma (BCC; basal cell carcinoma) can be divided into the following histologic forms:
- Basal cell carcinoma syndrome (synonyms: Basal cell nevus syndrome; Fifth phacomatosis; Gorlin syndrome, Gorlin-Goltz syndrome; Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS); nevus epitheliomatodes multiplex) – genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, associated with the occurrence of numerous basal cell carcinomas in the third decade of life, keratocysts (keratocystic odontogenic tumor) in the second and third decades of life, and multiple other malformations (esp. skeletal system). Skeletal system) accompany
- Destructive basal cell carcinoma (< 1%): extensive, sometimes deep infiltration of muscles, tendons and bones.
- Infiltrative growing variants (about 25%):
- Micronodolar basal cell carcinoma.
- Sclerodermioform basal cell carcinoma
- Metatypical basal cell carcinoma (special form!)
- Nodular basal cell carcinoma (synonym: solid (nodular) basal cell carcinoma) (about 50%).
- Pigmented basal cell carcinoma; mostly of the nodular type.
- Pinkus tumor – fibroepitheliomatous tumor (special form!)
- Superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBZK; synonyms: trunk skin basal cell carcinoma; trunk skin BCCs); multicentric superficial basal cell carcinoma (15-25%); occurs preferentially on the trunk and extremities and shows a rather eczema-like clinical picture.
- Ulcerating basal cell carcinoma (< 1%): associated with a sharply defined, crater-shaped, painless ulcer (ulcer).
- Feral, ulcerating-destructive growing subtypes (ulcus terebrans, ulcus rodens).
- Cicatrizing basal cell carcinoma
For the clinical description of the main forms, see below “Symptoms – complaints”.
A classification of basal cell carcinoma according to the UICC classification is possible, but is not carried out clinically, because the T classification (infiltration depth of the tumor) is too coarse and the categories N (= nodus, ie lymph node involvement) and M (= metastases, ie daughter tumors) practically do not occur.
The following information is useful for risk stratification:
- Localization (BZK in the face, esp. in the area of the nose, eyelids and ears recur more frequently).
- Clinical tumor size (maximum tumor diameter; horizontal tumor diameter).
- Histological subtype
- Histological depth extent (vertical tumor diameter).
- Therapeutic safety distance (for resection (surgical removal) or for radiotherapy (radiation therapy) or cryotherapy).
- Resection margins microscopic in healthy/non-healthy.
- Previous recurrence (recurrence of the disease).
- Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) in the past.
