Depending on the type of tumor or its localization, the following examinations are performed:Obligatory medical device diagnostics.
- Abdominal sonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs), mammary sonography (ultrasound examination of the breast; breast ultrasound), vaginal sonography (ultrasound examination using an ultrasound probe inserted into the vagina), transrectal prostate sonography (ultrasound examination of the prostate through the intestine), etc.
- X-ray of the thorax (X-ray thorax/chest), in a straight or lateral view (plane) – an inconspicuous image does not exclude the presence of bronchial carcinoma (lung cancer)
- Mammography (X-ray examination of the breast).
- Thoracic and abdominal computed tomography
- Endoscopy – e.g. gastroscopy (gastroscopy), colonoscopy (colonoscopy), bronchoscopy (lungoscopy), etc.
- Pulmonary function testing (LuFu) and arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) – for signs of respiratory lung insufficiency (limitation of lung function).
- Computed tomography of the skull (cranial CT, cranial CT or cCT) – if brain tumors are suspected.
- X-ray contrast breakthrough swallow – when esophageal tumors (esophageal tumors) are suspected.
Depending on tumor type and stage, further diagnostic measures may be indicated, such as:
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial MRI, cranial MRI or cMRI).
- Positron emission tomography (PET; nuclear medicine procedure that allows the creation of cross-sectional images of living organisms by visualizing the distribution patterns of weak radioactive substances) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT).
- Single-photon emission tomography (SPECT; functional imaging method in nuclear medicine, with which cross-sectional images of living organisms can be created based on the principle of scintigraphy).
- DaTSCAN scintigraphy
- Immune Scintigraphy
- Skeletal scintigraphy (nuclear medicine procedure that can depict functional changes in the skeletal system, in which regionally (locally) pathologically (pathologically) increased or decreased bone remodeling processes are present).
- Thoracoscopy – endoscopic examination (reflection) of the pleural cavity (pleural cavity).
- Mediastinoscopy
- Endoscopic examination of the mediastinum (the “middle pleural space” located between the two lungs).
- To classify the stages of tumor disease and to exclude metastases (daughter tumors) of the lymph nodes.
- Transthoracic fine needle biopsy (tissue sampling).
- Pleural puncture (puncture of the pleural cavity)
- Bone marrow puncture – for abnormal blood count.
- Very rarely probethoracotomy – for unexplained findings in the chest area.
