Products
Chlorhexidine is commercially available as ointment, cream (wound healing ointments), aqueous solution for external use, mouth spray, mouth gel and mouth rinse, among others (selection).
Structure and properties
Chlorhexidine (C22H30Cl2N10, Mr = 505.4 g/mol) is usually present in drugs as chlorhexidine digluconate because, unlike chlorhexidine and other salts, it is readily soluble in water. It is present as a white to slightly yellow powder. Other salts exist, such as chlorhexidine diacetate and chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, but they are only slightly soluble in water. Chlorhexidine is a basic chlorophenyl and biguanide derivative.
Effects
Chlorhexidine is primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. Fungi, viruses, and parasites are less sensitive or not sensitive. The effects are due to disruption of cell membrane function.
Indications for use
For the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, for example, minor wounds and injuries, minor burns, and gingivitis and other inflammatory and infectious diseases of the mouth and throat. Chlorhexidine is also used for oral hygiene and as a hand disinfectant.
Dosage
According to the product information. Use depends on the product.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Children < 2 years (only on medical prescription).
- Application to the perforated eardrum
- Application to the eyes and ear canal
- Application to the mucous membrane, except for the drugs which are intended for this purpose.
- Contact with the cerebral membrane and the central nervous system
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Concurrent use with other disinfectants is not recommended. Components of toothpastes such as SLS, soaps, anionic substances, sucrose, salts, blood, and pus may interfere with efficacy.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects rarely include allergic reactions and skin irritation. When used in the mouth, adverse effects may include taste disturbances, irritation, swelling, mucosal changes, and sensory disturbances. Chlorhexidine can discolor teeth, fillings and the tongue to a brownish color. Products are also available that do not cause discoloration.
