Products
Chondroitin sulfate is commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, and as granules (e.g., Condrosulf, Structum, dietary supplements), among others. In contrast to glucosamine, it has also been approved in many countries as a drug subject to health insurance coverage since 1975. In other countries, however, chondroitin sulfate is sold primarily as a dietary supplement. Products may differ because they are obtained from different animals and with different processing methods.
Structure and properties
Chondroitin sulfate is a natural glycosaminoglycan and a copolymer composed of repeating sulfated disaccharides of -acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-glucuronic acid. It is a long, linear polysaccharide with a high molecular mass. Chondroitin sulfate is obtained from terrestrial and marine animals, e.g. from the organs of cattle, pigs, chickens and fish (shark, ray). Chondroitin sulfate sodium exists as a white, hygroscopic powder and is readily soluble in water.
Effects
Chondroitin sulfate (ATC M01AX25) has analgesic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is an endogenous substance and a component of proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate is also found in the skin, connective tissue, bones, blood vessels, ligaments and tendons. In the intestine, it is partially broken down into its components, which are subsequently absorbed.
Indications
For the treatment of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis of the knee joint, osteoarthritis of the hip joint, and osteoarthritis of the finger joint.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Medicines are taken one to three times daily, independent of meals, depending on the preparation. In case of a sensitive digestive tract, the dose should be taken after meals. At the beginning of therapy, the dose is higher.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
The full precautions can be found in the drug label. Chondroitin sulfate is not suitable for vegans because it is derived from animal sources (see also under vegan medicines).
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are not known.
Adverse drug reactions
Occasionally, digestive disturbances such as nausea and constipation occur. Rarely, allergic reactions may occur.
