Complications
Complications include vascular injuries in about 10% of cases. Especially in arterial vessels this is an acute emergency due to the high blood pressure there. Injuries to the nerves (ulnar, median and radial nerves) with paralysis of the musculature and loss of sensation of touch at typical locations also occur.
In a not inconsiderable number of cases, calcification or ossification of the connective tissue (heterotropic ossification) occurs after dislocation. If these restrict movement, they can be surgically removed. It should be remembered that the operation itself can cause the same phenomenon. As a preventive measure, painkillers such as indomethacin or diclofenac (Voltaren©) are given.
Prognosis
In the case of a conservatively treated simple luxation without concomitant damage, complete recovery (restutio ad integrum) can be expected after a prolonged period of stiffness. In approximately 2 out of 100 cases, a dislocation occurs here. The more complex the injury, the longer it takes to heal and the more likely late damage is.
This usually includes stiffness with more limited extension than flexion. In the case of damage to the spoke head and its stabilizing ligament (Lig. anulare radii), restrictions in the rotation of the forearm are to be expected.
2% of all patients develop chronic instability with repeated dislocations after elbow dislocation. The cause is usually the lack of stability of the joint-bearing structures after bone fractures.
