Infants vaccinated against rotavirus were less likely to develop type 1 diabetes: among children younger than 4 years, the incidence (frequency of new cases) of type 1 diabetes decreased significantly by 14%.
Furthermore, to prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.Behavioral Risk Factors
- Diet
- Early consumption of cow’s milk
- NitrosaminesCured foods and foods high in nitrates and nitritesNitrate is a potentially toxic compound: Nitrate is reduced to nitrite in the body by bacteria (saliva/stomach). Nitrite is a reactive oxidant that reacts preferentially with the blood pigment hemoglobin, converting it to methemoglobin. Furthermore, nitrites (also contained in cured sausage and meat products and ripened cheese) form nitrosamines with secondary amines (contained in meat and sausage products, cheese and fish), which have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. They promote the development of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas and liver.The daily intake of nitrate is usually about 70% from the consumption of vegetables (lamb’s lettuce, lettuce, green, white and Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi, spinach, radish, radish, beet), 20% from drinking water (nitrogen fertilizer) and 10% from meat and meat products and fish.
- Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see prevention with micronutrients.
- Weight gain from birth to twelve months of age: Children who later developed type 1 diabetes mellitus weighed a mean of 240 g (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, MoBa) or 270 g (Danish National Birth Cohort, DNBC) more at twelve months than children without diabetes.
Operations
- Children delivered by caesarean section (sectio caesarea) have more than twice the risk of type 1 diabetes than children delivered spontaneously, according to the BABYDIAB study.
Environmental exposure – intoxications (poisonings).
- High levels of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide lead to earlier manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in young children
- Nitrosamines (carcinogens).
Other information
- According to a prospective TEDDY (The Environmenal Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, probiotics may have a protective effect in children at high risk for type 1 diabetes and use as early as the first month of life. The effect was most pronounced in children with the HLA genotype DR3/4, which is also associated with the highest risk of disease. The risk of islet autoimmunity was reduced by 60% (HR 0.40) for this collective by probiotic supplementation.
Prevention factors
- Genetic factors:
- Genetic risk reduction depending on gene polymorphisms:
- Genes/SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism):
- Gene: HLA-DQA1
- SNP: rs9272346 in the gene HLA-DQA1
- Allele constellation: AG (0.3-fold).
- Allele constellation: GG (0.08-fold)
- Genes/SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism):
- Genetic risk reduction depending on gene polymorphisms:
Secondary prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus is not possible because the cells of the pancreas (pancreas) do not become functional again once they have been destroyed.
