Products
Darbepoetin alfa is commercially available as an injectable (Aranesp). It has been approved in many countries since 2002.
Structure and properties
Darbepoetin alfa is a recombinant glycoprotein produced by biotechnological methods. It consists of 165 amino acids and has the same sequence as natural erythropoietin (EPO), which is formed in the kidney, except for five amino acids. Darbepoetin alfa differs from recombinant human erythropoietin in the incorporation of additional carbohydrate residues that result in an enlargement of the molecule from 30 kDa to 37 kDa.
Effects
Darbepoetin alfa (ATC B03XA02) stimulates red blood cell formation in the bone marrow (erythropoiesis). Because of the additional carbohydrate residues, darbepoetin alfa has a longer half-life, longer duration of action, reduced binding affinity, and higher in vivo activity.
Indications
For the treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure and in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The drug may be administered subcutaneously or intravenously.
Abuse
Darbepoetin alfa can be abused as a doping agent, such as in cycling. It is included in the doping list and may not be used in professional sports outside of or during competition.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- High blood pressure
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are possible with agents that are strongly bound to erythrocytes, such as ciclosporin and tacrolimus.
Adverse effects
The most common potential adverse effects include hypertension, edema, hypersensitivity, injection site pain, and thromboembolic events.
