Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Pulmonary insufficiency with hypoxemia (decreased blood oxygen content) and hypercapnia (increased blood carbon dioxide content).
- Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs)
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Anemia (anemia)
- Autoimmune diseases such as vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) of the central nervous system (CNS) and cerebral lupus.
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Dehydration (lack of fluid).
- Diabetic ketoacidosis – severe metabolic derailment (ketoacidosis) due to insulin deficiency.
- Folic acid deficiency
- Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
- Hypercalcemia (excess calcium)
- Hypernatremia (excess sodium)
- Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hyperfunction).
- Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism)
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency)
- Hypomagnesemia (magnesium deficiency)
- Hypoparathyroidism (parathyroid insufficiency).
- Hyponatremia (sodium deficiency)
- Hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism)
- Malnutrition
- Cushing’s disease – renal cortical hyperfunction with elevated cortisol levels.
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Niacin deficiency (nicotinic acid deficiency)
- Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency (cobalamin)
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy (synonyms: Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome; Wernicke’s encephalopathy) – degenerative encephaloneuropathic disease of the brain in adulthood; clinical picture: brain-organic psychosyndrome (HOPS) with memory loss, psychosis, confusion, apathy, as well as gait and stance unsteadiness (cerebellar ataxia) and eye movement disorders / eye muscle paralysis (horizontal nystagmus, anisocoria, diplopia)); vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency).
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).
- Infections of skin/soft tissues, unspecified.
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Apoplexy (stroke)
- Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency)
- Hypertensive encephalopathy – hypertensive emergency characterized by an increase in intracranial (inside the skull) pressure with consequent intracranial pressure signs.
- Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull; parenchymal, subarachnoid, sub- and epidural, and supra- and infratentorial hemorrhage)/intracerebral hemorrhage (ICB; cerebral hemorrhage), unspecified
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Sepsis (blood poisoning)
- Systemic infections, unspecified
Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Hepatic insufficiency (liver weakness).
- Hepatic encephalopathy – central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction caused by acute or chronic liver disease.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Gliomatosis cerebri – diffuse growths originating from specific cells of the nervous system.
- Brain metastases – daughter tumors in the brain.
- Brain tumor
- Meningeosis carcinomatosa – occurrence of malignant infiltrates on the meninges.
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Dementia, unspecified [independent predictor of delirium is “severity of dementia”]
- Epilepsy with long postictal stage.
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
- Brain abscess – encapsulated collection of pus in the brain.
- Insomnia (sleep disturbance), thereby sleep deprivation (sleep deprivation).
- Cognitive disorder, unspecified
- Lewy body dementia (disease similar to Alzheimer’s disease).
- Meningitis (meningitis).
- Meningoencephalitis (combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis)).
- Parkinson’s disease (shaking paralysis)
- Non-convulsive status epilepticus – form of sustained epileptic seizure that is not notable for twitching/convulsions.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) – sudden onset of circulatory disturbance in the brain, resulting in neurological dysfunction that resolves within 24 hours
- Condition after epileptic seizure (postictal state).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Hypothermia (hypothermia)
- Uremia (occurrence of urinary substances in the blood above normal values).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Urinary tract infections, unspecified
- Renal insufficiency (kidney weakness)
Injury, poisoning, and certain other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).
- Commotio cerebri (concussion).
Further
- Hospitalization
- Hyperthermia (overheating)
- Hypoxia (tissue oxygen deficiency; respiratory/breath-related and cardiac/blood-related).
- Immobility
- Polypharmacy (> 6 prescribed medications).
- Prefinal delirium – state of confusion in the context of near death.
- Reduced sensory perceptions such as impaired vision, hearing, etc.
- Poor general health
Medication
- See “Causes” under medications
Environmental pollution – intoxications (poisoning).
