Products
Desflurane is commercially available as a liquid for the preparation of a vapor for inhalation (Suprane). It has been approved in the United States since 1992 and in many countries since 1995.
Structure and properties
Desflurane (C3H2F6O, Mr = 168.0 g/mol) is a hexafluorinated (halogenated) ether and a racemate. It exists as a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor and a boiling point of 22.8 °C. At therapeutic concentrations, it is neither flammable nor explosive. Furthermore, desflurane is chemically stable. The precursor of desflurane is the structurally closely related isoflurane, which has a higher boiling point.
Effects
Desflurane (ATC N01AB07) has anesthetic properties. It causes loss of consciousness, suppression of voluntary muscle activity, reduction of autonomic reflexes, and cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The effects occur within a few minutes and subside rapidly after discontinuation. Desflurane dissolves in the blood only to a minor extent. The pharmacological effects are attributed to interaction with neurotransmitter receptors and with ion channels. Desflurane is poorly metabolized and eliminated unchanged via the lungs.
Indications
For induction and maintenance of anesthesia, for example, for surgical procedures.
Dosage
According to the prescribing information. Desflurane is administered inhalationally (as an inhalation) using a special vaporization device.
Contraindications
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Adverse effects
The most common potential adverse effects include postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory failure, breath holding, and cough.