Products
Isoflurane is commercially available as a pure liquid and has been approved in many countries since 1984 (Forene, generic).
Structure and properties
Isoflurane (C3H2ClF5O, Mr = 184.5 g/mol) exists as a clear, colorless, mobile, heavy, stable, and nonflammable liquid that is practically insoluble in water. It has a slightly pungent and ether-like odor. The boiling point is 48 °C. Isoflurane is a racemate closely related structurally to its successor desflurane. It is fluorinated five times and chlorinated once. The drug consists only of the active ingredient and contains no excipients.
Effects
Isoflurane (ATC N01AB06) has anesthetic properties and rapidly induces loss of consciousness. Effects are attributed to interaction with neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels.
Indications
For induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The drug is administered by inhalation with a suitable vaporizer.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity, including to other halogenated inhalation anesthetics.
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, respiratory disturbances, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmias (selection).
