Diagnosis
The symptom itself is not really a pathological feature of villonodular synovitis. Therefore, imaging is necessary in any case. In this case, one sees mainly the spatial requirement itself, but also the absence of calcifications or indications of other diseases.
In addition to X-rays, CT and MRI examinations are also suitable. With all procedures, however, the differentiation from other diseases is rather difficult. Villonodular synovitis, for example, is often initially mistaken for a cyst and is only identified in the operating room.
Overall, however, MRI is still the method of choice, as it can already be used to identify the hemosiderin content of PVNS, for example. In the further course of the disease, a collection of joint fluid or a biopsy of the node shown can help to make a diagnosis or at least exclude other diseases. Evidence of a villonodular synovitis is always only the histological analysis of the cells taken during surgery or biopsy.
Therapy
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a form of villonodular synovitis in which there is an additional deposit of so-called hemosiderin crystals on the skin of the knee joint, but also in the joint space. Hemosiderin always occurs in the body where red blood cells have to be broken down, such as in bruises. In this respect, the discoloration of the skin, but also of the tumor, is often the most striking feature of this disease.
Arthritis
The symptoms of villonodular synovitis can easily be confused with those of arthritis. Especially in the diffuse form, the slow progression is similar to that of rheumatoid arthritis. However, in villonodular synovitis only one joint is affected at a time. Even if the cause of the disease is not yet fully understood, there seems to be no connection with rheumatoid arthritis.
Hip joint
The hip joint is the second most frequently affected by villonodular synovitis. Here too, the symptoms are rather unspecific. In addition to the hip joint itself, pain often occurs in the lumbar and back regions.
