Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Conn’s syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism, PHA) – involves partial or complete autonomous production of the steroid hormone aldosterone, which is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms: Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency), hypertension (high blood pressure); however, up to 10% of patients with hypertension have normokalemic (normal potassium) hyperaldosteronism.
- Cushing’s syndrome – disease in which too much ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland, resulting in increased stimulation of the adrenal cortex and, as a consequence, excessive cortisol production.
- Dehydration (dehydration)
- Diabetes insipidus (congenital or acquired disease characterized by increased urine output (polyuria) and increased thirst with polydipsia (increased drinking)):
- Diabetes insipidus centralis – caused by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to failure of ADH production (partial (partial) or total; permanent or transient (temporary); due to, e.g., hypothalamohypophyseal tumor, traumatic brain injury (TBI), etc.).
- Diabetes insipidus renalis (synonym: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; ICD-10 N25.1) – caused by lack of or insufficient response of the kidneys to ADH (ADH concentration is normal or even increased).
- Diabetes mellitus (diabetes).
- Electrolyte disorders, unspecified (hypercalcemia/calcium excess).
- Hypercalcemic crisis – severe increase in blood calcium levels.
- Thyroid disease, unspecified
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Diarrhea (diarrhea), unspecified.
Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Liver disease, unspecified
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), acute – due to loss of fluid into the abdominal cavity.
- Pseudoperitonitis diabetica – complication that can occur in diabetes mellitus and can lead to abdominal pain, vomiting, coma.
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Psychogenic polydipsia – psychologically induced severe thirst without physical cause.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
- Fever
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99)
- Chronic renal insufficiency (kidney weakness).
- Renal disease, unspecified
Other
- Alcohol consumption
- Dry mouth (see also under “Dry mouth due to medication”).
- Insufficient fluid intake (eg, by vomiting).
Medication
- Antibiotics
- Gentamycin
- Tetracycline
- Amphotericin B (antifungal agent; antifungal agent).
- Anticholinergics (polydipsia!) – group of drugs that inhibit the action of the transmitter acetylcholine.
- Chlorpromazine (polydipsia!) – active substance from the group of neuroleptics.
- Diuretics – dehydrating drugs such as furosemide.
- Glibenclamide (oral antidiabetic drug)
- Lithium
- Thioridazine (polydipsia!) – active substance from the group of antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
