Conventional nonsurgical therapy methods Catheterization (urinary diversion through a catheter inserted into the bladder) may be used if micturition (bladder emptying) dysfunction is present at the same time. Medication may also be used. Medical aids If applicable, orthotics (orthopedic devices worn on the outside of the body as a support apparatus) for gait development, corsets, … Spina Bifida (“Open Back”): Therapy
Turner syndrome (synonyms: 45,X/46,XX mosaic; 45,X/46,XY mosaic; gonadal dysgenesis; karyotype 45,X; karyotype 46,X iso (Xq); karyotype 46,X with gonosome abnormality, except iso (Xq); mosaic 45,,X/cell lines a. n.k. with gonosome anomaly; Turner anomaly of sex chromosomes; Turner syndrome; Ullrich-Turner syndrome; Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS); X0 syndrome; X monosomy; ICD-10 Q96.-: Turner syndrome) is a congenital disorder … Turner Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
The medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of Turner syndrome. Family history Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Do congenital malformations run in your family? Social history Current anamnesis / systemic anamnesis (somatic and psychological complaints) – also due toclarification of secondary diseases. Do you have a … Turner Syndrome: Medical History
The medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of nevi. Family history What is the general health of your relatives? Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). … Nevus: Medical History
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Dermal melanocytic nevi (pigmented nevi). Mongolian spot – indistinct gray-blue discoloration of the skin in the buttock/back area; regresses by puberty; usually seen in mongolians Nevus coeruleus (blue nevus) – coarse blue-black nodules that appear mainly on the back of the hand or arm. Naevus fusco-coeruleus – blurred flat blue-black pigmentation … Nevus: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by nevi: Neoplasms – Tumor diseases (C00-D48). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC; basal cell carcinoma) – from a sebaceous nevus (nevus sebaceus). Malignant melanoma (black skin cancer) – from a dysplastic nevus. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin – malignant (malignant) neoplasm of … Nevus: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Skin cancer screening (including dermoscopy / light microscopy). Health check
2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification. Histology (fine tissue examination), if necessary – in case of doubt, the suspicious (suspect) skin area is excised (removed) in toto (as a whole) with an appropriate safety margin
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Dermatoscopy (reflected light microscopy; increases diagnostic accuracy). Sonography (ultrasound examination), depending on the localization to determine the depth/spread. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (KLSM; engl. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); … Nevus: Diagnostic Tests
1st order Nevus cell nevus If there are signs of dysplasia, the changes should be checked regularly and, if necessary, excised (excised) prophylactically Benign juvenile melanoma (spindle cell nevus; Spitz tumor) – there is no need for therapy; if necessary, excision if the diagnosis is unclear. Dysplastic nevus (atypical nevus, active nevus) – should be … Nevus: Surgical Therapy
To prevent nevi, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98). Infected injuries can lead to the formation of granuloma pyogenicum (synonym: pyogenic granuloma; acquired benign (benign) vascular skin tumor of the hemangioma group, also called hemangioma or strawberry spot) Preventive measures Pigmented spots can … Nevus: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate nevi: Dermal melanocytic nevi Mongolian spot – indistinct gray-blue discoloration of the skin in the buttock/back area; regresses by puberty; usually seen in mongolians Nevus coeruleus (blue nevus) – coarse blue-black nodules that appear mainly on the back of the hand or arm. Naevus fusco-coeruleus – blurred flat … Nevus: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
