A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing) of the skin and mucous membranes. Auscultation (listening) of the heart Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen), etc. Neurological examination – including examination of motor … Abnormal Reflexes: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests in new onset neurological symptoms. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Electrolytes – calcium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, sodium. Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), if necessary oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT). Blood gas analysis (BGA) Thyroid parameters – TSH Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, … Abnormal Reflexes: Lab Test
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT/cranial MRI or cMRI). Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT)/(MRI) of the spine.
The following pathological reflexes can be distinguished: Babinski’s sign (synonyms: big toe reflex, toe reflex, Babinksi reflex) – brushing the lateral (side) sole of the foot leads to spreading of toes 2-5 and dorsiflexion of the big toe (bending (flexion) to the dorsal side, i.e., to the dorsum of the foot) Chaddock sign (synonym: Chaddock … Abnormal Reflexes: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Therapy for abnormal reflexes depends on the cause. Nutritional Medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according to a mixed diet taking into account the disease at hand. This means, among other things: A total of 5 servings of fresh vegetables and fruit daily (≥ 400 g; 3 servings of vegetables and 2 … Abnormal Reflexes: Therapy
The medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of abnormal reflexes. Family history Are there any conditions in your family that are common? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social history What is your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What changes have you … Abnormal Reflexes: Medical History
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96). Physiologic in neonates (pyramidal tract not yet fully formed). Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Vascular disease such as apoplexy (stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull; parenchymal, subarachnoid, sub- and epidural, and supra- and infratentorial hemorrhage) Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Brain tumors, unspecified Psyche – nervous system … Abnormal Reflexes: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis