Within the framework of micronutrient medicine, the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for supportive therapy: Folic acid Vitamin C Vitamin E Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid The above vital substance recommendations were created with the help of medical experts. All statements are supported by scientific studies with high levels … Schizophrenia: Micronutrient Therapy
To prevent schizophrenia, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Use of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) Drug use Cannabis (hashish and marijuana) Psycho-social situation Stressful family climate Poor social adjustment
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate schizophrenia: Leading symptoms category 1 (disorganized speech). Thought sounds become Thought inspiration Thought deprivation Thought propagation Thought Tear Off Delusions of control and influence Commenting or dialogic voices Persistent bizarre delusion Leading symptoms category 2 Persistent hallucinations Catatonic symptoms (disturbance of voluntary motor function) such as. Arousal Postural … Schizophrenia: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of the disease) Schizophrenia is the result of a multifactorial event, in the development of which not only environmental influences but also genetic factors play an important role. The genetic burden from parents and grandparents is estimated to be at least 80%. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism; see below) can currently explain 30-50% of … Schizophrenia: Causes
General measures Check drug use due topossible effect on the existing disease: schizophrenia patients who continued their cannabis use after the first episode of their psychosis suffered a relapse (recurrence of the disease) significantly more often than patients who became abstinent.Especially risky seems to be the use of “shrunk”, whose content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is … Schizophrenia: Therapy
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Encephalogram (EEG; recording of the brain‘s electrical activity) – to rule out structural brain changes. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle) – to exclude cardiac arrhythmias. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial MRI, cranial MRI or cMRI). For initial manifestation of schizophrenia [guidelines: S3 guideline]. … Schizophrenia: Diagnostic Tests
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Family history Are there any mental disorders/diseases in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints) [see also below]. Do you suffer from thoughts that become loud? Are thoughts being fed to you from outside? Do you … Schizophrenia: Medical History
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Autoimmune encephalitis – encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) triggered by immunoglobulin class G (IgG) antibodies against the body’s own tissues; immunoglobulins against NMDA receptors and so-called leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) have been identified as the most common triggers of antibody-mediated encephalitis; the different triggers lead to different … Schizophrenia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by schizophrenia: External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y84). Accidents resulting in death Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Obesity (overweight) Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) type 2 – with the onset of psychosis, patients often already show signs of glucose intolerance and … Schizophrenia: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing) of skin and mucous membranes [due toexclusion of organic causes: exsiccosis/dehydration?] Auscultation (listening) of the heart. Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) … Schizophrenia: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose). Thyroid parameters – TSH Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin. Renal parameters … Schizophrenia: Test and Diagnosis
Therapy goals Prevention of schizophrenic episodes or relapse prophylaxis (measures to avert recurrence of a disorder. “Recovery” (restoration of functional capacity for a self-determined life). Therapy recommendations General advice Because there are only small differences in the effects of the various antipsychotics, particular attention should be paid to side-effect-guided antipsychotic pharmacotherapy for acute treatment with … Schizophrenia: Drug Therapy
