The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by schizophrenia:
External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y84).
- Accidents resulting in death
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Obesity (overweight)
- Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) type 2 – with the onset of psychosis, patients often already show signs of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance; according to this, the disease increases the risk of diabetes mellitus, not just therapy
- Metabolic syndrome – clinical name for the symptom combination of obesity (overweight), hypertension (high blood pressure), elevated fasting glucose (fasting blood sugar) and fasting insulin serum levels (insulin resistance) and dyslipidemia (elevated VLDL triglycerides, lowered HDL cholesterol). Furthermore, a coagulation disorder (increased tendency to clotting), with an increased risk of thromboembolism is also often detectable
Factors affecting health status and leading to health care utilization (Z00-Z99).
- Suicide (suicide)
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Arterial hypertension
- Coronary artery disease (CAD; coronary artery disease).
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Peptic ulcer (ulcer; by location, ventriculi ulcer (stomach) and duodeni ulcer (duodenum) are distinguished) – the incidence (frequency of new cases and the) of peptic ulcer is 1.27 times higher for schizophrenia patients
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Alcohol abuse (alcohol dependence)
- Dementia
- Depression
- Insomnia (sleep disorders)
- Substance abuse including substance abuse/substance dependence.
- Tobacco dependence
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Speech/language disorders.
- Suicidality (suicidal tendencies)
Digestive system (K00-K93)
- Caries
Further
- Violent acts – delinquency risk is potentiated by alcohol and drug use.
- Fluctuations in time perception, i.e. assessment of a period of time.
- Heavy smokers
- Decreased dental hygiene
Prognostic factors
- An insidious slow onset of the disease compared with an abrupt onset indicates a poorer prognosis.
- Predictors of a lack of response to first-line therapy for a first schizophrenic episode include younger age, poorer quality of life, and low BMI (body mass index; body mass index, BMI). The strongest predictors of nonresponse were “neurological soft signs” (NSS) and poor early (7 weeks) response to treatment.
