General measures Sleep bruxism can be triggered by nervous or mental tension. During sleep, stressful events are processed by the brain. The following measures can help reduce tension: Before going to bed, it can be helpful to reflect on the day. Thus, the processing of the events already begins before sleeping. An evening walk helps … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Therapy
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The causes of primary bruxism are not yet known. One possible explanation is a disturbed temporomandibular joint function: due to a faulty or non-existent bite of the upper and lower jaws together, the two rows of teeth rub against each other, which consequently increases the muscle tone (muscle tension) and leads … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Causes
The medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of bruxism. Family history Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social history Are you unemployed? Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints) [medical history … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Medical History
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) – term used to describe a variety of disorders of the temporomandibular joints, masticatory system, and associated tissues. Ears – mastoid process (H60-H95). Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) – pauses in breathing during sleep caused … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by bruxism: Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Visual disturbances Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Gingival recession (receding gums). Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) Periodontal disease (periodontitis) Peri-implantitis – progressive inflammation of the bony bearing of a dental implant … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Complications
According to the cause, bruxism can be differentiated as follows: primary bruxism Idiopathic (with no apparent cause). Secondary bruxism – due to a variety of factors (see, below “Etiology – Pathogenesis”/”Causes”). Another possibility of differentiation arises from the type of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA): Phasic (rhythmic) bruxism – short, repetitive contractions of the masticatory … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height. Dental examination [due tosymptoms: Visible damage and wear to the teeth (non-carious related). Pain of the teeth, chewing muscles, in the temporomandibular joints, neck muscles, headaches, back pain. Difficulty opening the mouth … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Examination
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Polysomnography (sleep laboratory; measurement of various body functions during sleep that provide information about sleep quality) – gold standard for diagnosis of sleep bruxism (SB); recorded: Electromyography (EMG) – measurement of electrical muscle activity. Encephalogram (EEG) – recording the electrical activity of the brain. Electrocardiogram (ECG) – recording the electrical activity … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Diagnostic Tests
To prevent bruxism, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Consumption of stimulants Alcohol (female: > 20 g/day; male: > 30 g/day) – high alcohol consumption is associated with a 1.9-fold risk of bruxism Caffeine consumption (> 8 cups per day) – 1.4-fold risk of bruxism. Tobacco (smoking) – studies … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate bruxism: Pathognomonic (indicative of a disease). Visible damage and wear to the teeth (non-carious related). Main symptoms Pain Of the teeth Of the chewing muscles In the temporomandibular joints The neck muscles Headache Possibly back pain Difficulty opening the mouth when waking up Jaw cracking, noise Hypersensitivity of … Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
