Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of atrioventricular block. Family History Do you have relatives who suffer from cardiac arrhythmias? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). When did the complaints first occur? When did the complaints last occur? How often do the complaints occur (daily, … Atrioventricular Block: Medical History
Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Sick sinus syndrome Sinuatrial block Sinus arrhythmia Sinus bradycardia
The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by atrioventricular block: Cardiovascular System (I00-I99) Sudden cardiac death (PHT). Jumping to a different heart rhythm Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Anxiety
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: Assessment of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [pallor]. Neck vein congestion? Central cyanosis? (bluish discoloration of skin and central mucous membranes, e.g., tongue). … Atrioventricular Block: Examination
2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the medical history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Electrolytes – potassium, magnesium TSH – to exclude thyroid dysfunction. Highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) or troponin I (hs-cTnI) – for suspected myocardial infarction … Atrioventricular Block: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target To prevent heart failure (cardiac insufficiency) and sudden cardiac death resulting from severe bradycardia (bradycardia: heart rate below 60 beats per minute). Therapy recommendations Acute therapy: Atropine (parasympatholytic) for high-grade bradycardia in 1st-degree AV block (AV I; delayed conduction time between atrium and ventricle); alternatively, orciprenaline (sympathomimetic; off-label use/use outside the indications or … Atrioventricular Block: Drug Therapy
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle)-indicates conduction of the heart[1st degree AV block. PQ time > 0.20 seconds (200 ms)] Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. … Atrioventricular Block: Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate atrioventricular block (AV block): 1st-degree AV block No symptoms (sinus node rate = heart rate). AV block 2nd degree Mobitz type I (Wenckebach block) Heart rate usually rhythmic with sudden pause, thus often bradycardia (< 60 beats/min) (sinus node rate > heart rate) Mobitz type II (Mobitz block). … Atrioventricular Block: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) The pathogenesis of AV block is most often (50%), as in sick sinus syndrome (sinus node disease), of chronic degenerative origin; this involves slowly progressive fibrosis (abnormal proliferation of connective tissue) of the excitation guidance system (ELS). The second most common cause of AV block is ischemic-related (reduced blood flow) (40%), either … Atrioventricular Block: Causes
General measures Immediate hospitalization is advised if the 12-lead ECG shows 2nd degree or 3rd degree AV block! Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Vaccinations The following vaccinations are advised: Flu vaccination Pneumococcal vaccination Regular checkups Regular medical checkups Psychotherapy If necessary, psychotherapy for anxiety disorders resulting from the disease. … Atrioventricular Block: Therapy
Indications for a cardiac pacemaker (pacemaker) Atrioventricular block (AV block): AV block II°, Mobitz type Neuromuscular disease + AV block II°. AV block III° (permanent/permanent or frequently intermittent/intermittent). For the procedure, see “Cardiac pacemaker (pacemaker)” below. Note: Patients with AV block and reduced left ventricular function benefit from biventricular pacing in terms of ventricular function … Atrioventricular Block: Surgical Therapy
To prevent atrioventricular block, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors Behavioral risk factors Physical activity Athlete
