1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count [normocytic normochromic anemia: MCV normal → normocytic MCH normal → normochromic MCHC normal]] Differential blood count [see “Further notes” below]] Reticulocytes (“young erythrocytes”) [ ↑↑ ] Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) [ ↑ ] Urine status [urinary urobilin … Hemolytic Anemia: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Compensation of anemia Cure (see below beta-thalassemia). Therapy recommendations Therapy for hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying disorder in each case. In many cases, additional blood transfusions are needed. See also under “Further therapy“. Therapy an acute hemolytic crisis in the context of a transfusion incident (mistransfusion in the AB0 system): Immediate stop … Hemolytic Anemia: Drug Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia. Family history Are there any individuals in your family with blood disorders? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances in your profession? Current medical history/systemic medical … Hemolytic Anemia: Medical History
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90). Aplastic anemia – form of anemia (anemia) characterized by pancytopenia (reduction of all cell series in the blood; stem cell disease) and concomitant hypoplasia (functional impairment) of the bone marrow. Bleeding anemia, acute (source of bleeding: mainly genital or gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal tract). Iron deficiency anemia (anemia due to iron … Hemolytic Anemia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hemolytic anemia: Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Increased susceptibility to infection Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Concentration disorders Fatigue Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory parameters not elsewhere classified (R00-R99). Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Hemoglobinuria – red coloration of urine … Hemolytic Anemia: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [pallor of skin and mucous membranes, jaundice (yellowing of the skin)] Examination of the abdomen (abdomen): Percussion (tapping) of … Hemolytic Anemia: Examination
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnosticsand obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) – to exclude sources of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, renal or liver disease.
An at-risk group indicates the possibility that the disease may be associated with the risk of vital nutrient deficiency. The complaint hemolytic anemia indicates a vital nutrient deficiency for: Folic acid The above vital substance recommendations were created with the help of medical experts. All statements are supported by scientific studies with high levels of … Hemolytic Anemia: Micronutrient Therapy
Depending on the exact cause, surgery may need to be performed. For example, this is necessary for congenital defects such as spherocytic anemia. In this case, the spleen is removed (splenectomy).
To prevent hemolytic anemia, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Physical activity Intense jogging or intense marches Environmental pollution – intoxications (poisonings). Copper Snake venom Spider Venoms
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hemolytic anemia: Leading symptoms Fatigue/tiredness Reduced performance Exertional dyspnea – shortness of breath on exertion. Dizziness Ringing in the ears Paleness of skin and mucous membranes Icterus – yellowing of the skin Hemoglobinuria – red coloration of urine due to hemoglobin. Splenomegaly – enlargement of the spleen.
Pathogenesis (disease development) Hemolytic anemia is caused by premature and increased breakdown of erythrocytes (red blood cells). In this process, due to a wide variety of causes (see below), increased breakdown occurs in the spleen, and later in the liver and bone marrow. If these degradation sites are also overloaded, intravascular (within a vessel) hemolysis … Hemolytic Anemia: Causes
