Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia.
Family history
- Are there any individuals in your family with blood disorders?
- Are there any hereditary diseases in your family?
Social history
- What is your profession?
- Are you exposed to harmful working substances in your profession?
Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints).
- Do you feel fatigued and tired?
- Have you noticed a decrease in performance?
- Do you experience shortness of breath on exertion?
- Have you noticed any changes in skin color such as pallor or yellowish skin?
- Do you suffer from dizziness?
- Do you suffer from ringing in the ears?
- Have you noticed a red coloration of the urine?
- How long have these symptoms persisted?
Vegetative anamnesis including nutritional history.
- Do you do intense exercise daily (intense jogging or intense marches)?
Self history including medication history.
- Pre-existing conditions (blood disorders, liver disease)
- Operations
- Allergies
- Environmental history (copper, snake/spider venom).
Medication history
Anemia
- Antiprotozoal drugs
- Analogue of the azo dye trypan blue (suramin).
- Pentamidine
- Alpha-methyldopa (antihypertensive).
- Antimalarials, such as primaquine or dapsone.
- Chelating agents (D-penicillamine, trieethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (Trien), tetrathiomolybdenum).
- Quinidine
- Direct Factor Xa inhibitor (rivaroxaban).
- Immunosuppressants (thalidomide).
- Janus kinase inhibitors (ruxolitinib).
- Monoclonal antibodies – pertuzumab
- MTOR inhibitors (everolimus, temsirolimus).
- Neomycin
- P-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine)
- Phenytoin [megaoblastic anemia]
- Thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran)
- Tuberculostatics (isoniazid, INH; rifampicin, RMF).
- Antivirals
- Nucleoside analogues (ribavirin) [hemolytic anemia.]
- NS5A inhibitors (daclatasvir).
- Protease inhibitors (boceprevir, telaprevir).
Aplastic anemia
- Allopurinol*
- Alpha-methyldopa*
- Antibiotics – drugs such as streptomycin* , tetracycline* or methicillin* .
- Antidiabetic drugs – tolbutamide and chlorpropamide.
- Antihistamines – cimetidine
- Anticonvulsants – carbomazepine
- Carboanhydrase inhibitors (CAH, CAI) – acetazolamide, dichlorophenamide, methazolamide.
- Quinidine*
- Chloramphenicol
- Colchicine
- D-penicillamine – drug used in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Lithium*
- Medicines for protozoan infections such as chloroquine or mepacrine.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
- Estrogens
- Sedatives – such as chlorpromazine* or meprobamate* .
- Sulfonamides
- Tuberculostatics (isoniazid, INH)
- Thyrostatic drugs – such as methylthiouracil or carbimazole.
- Cytostatics
- Alkylants such as chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide.
- Antimetabolites such as mercaptopurine, fluorouracil or methotrexate.
- Mitosis inhibitors such as vincristine or paclitaxel.
Note: For drugs marked with an asterisk (* ), the association with aplastic anemia is poorly established.
