Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K. Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Acute bacterial cholangitis (Biliary) cirrhosis (liver disease associated with inflammation and fibrosis … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Complications

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [due topossible symptoms: icterus (jaundice); pruritus (itching)] Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Examination

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Test and Diagnosis

1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Cholestasis parameters (elevated) [Only mild transaminase elevation; elevated AP (alkaline phosphatase) (3- to 10-fold) is often suggestive; GGT (gamma-GT) is often normal or discretely elevated]Note: Wg. fluctuations of the AP in the course, even a normal-value AP can not exclude a primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)! Bilirubin may … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Test and Diagnosis

Portal Hypertension: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Portal hypertension (portal hypertension; portal vein hypertension) itself does not cause symptoms or discomfort, but complications can result. The following symptoms and complaints may indicate portal hypertension: Anorexia (loss of appetite). Ascites (abdominal dropsy) Caput medusae (Latin: head of Medusa) – visible expansion of tortuous veins (venae paraumbilicales) in the region of the navel as … Portal Hypertension: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Portal Hypertension: Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) The portal vein (vena portae) collects blood from the veins of the unpaired abdominal organs (gastrointestinal tract/gastrointestinal tract and spleen) and delivers it to the liver. There, among other things, the elimination of toxins takes place, most of which are metabolized (metabolized) in the liver. The most common cause of portal … Portal Hypertension: Causes

Portal Hypertension: Therapy

In addition to prophylaxis or therapy of variceal hemorrhage, treatment of the underlying disease is the primary concern. General measures Alcohol abstinence (complete abstinence from alcohol). Nicotine restriction (refrain from tobacco use) – smoking promotes fibrosis (proliferation of connective tissue fibers) of the liver. Conventional non-surgical therapy methods For acute variceal hemorrhage: Monitoring or observation … Portal Hypertension: Therapy

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (synonyms: idiopathic sclerosing cholangitis; PSC; ICD-10 K83.0: cholangitis, primary sclerosing) is a chronic inflammation of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic (located outside and inside the liver) bile ducts. PSC is an autoimmune liver disease. Other autoimmune liver diseases include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH; autoimmune hepatitis), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, formerly primary biliary cirrhosis), … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Family history Does your family have a history of diseases of the biliary tract or gallbladder or liver that are common? Social history. Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed any pain in the … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Medical History

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Pruritus (itching) of other origin. Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Bacterial cholangitis IgG4-associated cholangitis – IgG4 in serum is elevated and IgG4-positive cells are detectable in bile duct cytology; this disease responds to immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids Intra- or extrahepatic (occurring outside and inside the liver) cholestasis … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (synonyms: hepatic encephalopathy; hepatoencephalopathy; hepatoportal encephalopathy; minimal hepatic encephalopathy; portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE); ICD-10-GM K72.7-: Hepatic encephalopathy and coma hepaticum) describes central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction due to acute or chronic liver disease. Often underlying hepatic encephalopathy is chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis (liver shrinkage). Liver disease results in retention (retention) of … Hepatic Encephalopathy

Static Liver Scintigraphy (Colloid Scintigraphy)

Colloid scintigraphy (static liver scintigraphy) is a nuclear medicine diagnostic procedure used to detect (identify) certain hepatic diseases associated with destruction of the RHS (reticulo-histiocytic system) of the liver. The liver parenchyma (liver tissue) is composed of various cellular components. Hapatocytes (hepatic cells) make up the majority of approximately 65%. About 15% are Kupffer stellate … Static Liver Scintigraphy (Colloid Scintigraphy)

Splenomegaly (Enlargement of the Spleen)

Splenomegaly (synonyms: Idiopathic splenomegaly; megalosplenia; splenic swelling; splenomegaly; splenomegaly; ICD-10 R16.1) refers to the abnormal enlargement of the spleen. In many cases, there is concomitant enlargement of the liver; this is then referred to as hepatosplenomegaly. The normal weight of a spleen in an adult is 100-350 g. An enlarged spleen is said to exist … Splenomegaly (Enlargement of the Spleen)