Amino Acids

Threonine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Threonine cannot be produced by the human body and is therefore essential.The breakdown of this amino acid occurs in the liver, producing pyruvate and ammonium. These metabolites flow directly into the uric acid metabolism or are used for the synthesis of other important endogenous compounds. Vital nutrients such as vitamin B6, vitamin B3, and magnesium … Threonine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Threonine: Functions

Threonine occupies a special position in the human organism as a protein building block. It is important for the production of antibodies and immunoglobulins, which are essential for an intact immune system. As an essential amino acid, it plays a significant role in the formation of mucins. This type of amino sugar is an important … Threonine: Functions

Tryptophan: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

The amino acid tryptophan (abbreviations Trp in the three-letter code and W in the one-letter code) is a proteinogenic amino acid (used to form proteins) with an aromatic side chain (containing cyclic carbon chains). It therefore belongs to the aromatic amino acids. Only the L-configuration of the amino acid (L-tryptophan) has a biological effect in … Tryptophan: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Histidine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

The amino acid histidine (abbreviation His in the three-letter code and H in the one-letter code) is a proteinogenic amino acid (used to form proteins) with a basic imidazole ring in the side chain. Histidine can therefore be categorized as both a basic and aromatic amino acid. Only the L-configuration of the amino acid has … Histidine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Histidine: Functions

The following are the effects of histidine on humans that are considered certain based on relevant literature. Histidine Is a building block for structural and functional proteins in the body. Is starting substance for the formation of non-essential amino acids. Is a precursor in the biosynthesis of histamine. Is a component of muscle fibers as … Histidine: Functions

Leucine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Leucine – Leu – is one of a total of 21 proteinogenic amino acids used to build proteins.Depending on the structure of their side chains, proteinogenic amino acids are divided into different groups. Leucine, like isoleucine, valine, alanine and glycine, is an amino acid with an aliphatic side chain. Aliphatic amino acids carry only one … Leucine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Leucine: Functions

Leucine occupies a special function in protein metabolism. The essential amino acid is predominantly involved in building new tissues and is very effective for enhanced protein biosynthesis in muscle and liver. In muscle tissue, leucine inhibits protein breakdown and promotes the maintenance and build-up of muscle protein. In addition, the branched-chain amino acid supports healing … Leucine: Functions

Lysine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Lysine (Lys) is one of the 21 L-amino acids that are regularly incorporated into proteins. For this reason, lysine is called proteinogenic and is essential for the biosynthesis of proteins and the maintenance of muscle and connective tissue. A deficit of lysine can impair protein biosynthesis (formation of new proteins). According to its chemical structure … Lysine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

Lysine: Functions

Following absorption, lysine is introduced into the hepatocytes (liver cells) of the liver via transport proteins. The liver is of paramount importance for intermediate protein and amino acid metabolism – similar to carbohydrates and lipids. Because the liver is anatomically located between the intestine and inferior vena cava, it is able to intervene in amino … Lysine: Functions

Tryptophan: Functions

The amino acid tryptophan cannot be produced by the human body and is therefore essential. It is a proteinogenic α-amino acid [synonym for L-tryptophan: (S)-tryptophan] with an aromatic indole ring system. The human body needs this amino acid to produce two important messengers: Serotonin (also 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) – the “happiness hormone” – ensures mental well-being. … Tryptophan: Functions

Tryptophan: Interactions

Interactions of tryptophan with other micronutrients (vital substances): Tryptophan and niacin The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) can be synthesized in two ways: Niacin Essential amino acid tryptophan The synthesis (production) of the vitamin niacin from tryptophan depends on enzymes that require vitamin B6 and riboflavin (vitamin B2) and an iron-containing enzyme. On average, 1 … Tryptophan: Interactions

Tyrosine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution

The amino acid tyrosine (abbreviations Tyr in the three-letter code and Y in the one-letter code) is a proteinogenic amino acid (used to form proteins) with an aromatic side chain (containing cyclic carbon chains). It therefore belongs to the aromatic amino acids. Only the L-configuration of the amino acid has a biological effect in the … Tyrosine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution