Interactions of glutamine with other agents (micronutrients, foods): Low-carbohydrate diets Via gluconeogenesis (metabolic pathway to re-synthesize glucose), the human body can stabilize glucose (blood sugar) levels during carbohydrate deficiency. In the case of low-carbohydrate diets, the human brain is thus supplied with energy via the regeneration of glucose. For this purpose, glucose is produced in … Glutamine: Interactions
The following are the effects of cysteine for humans that are considered certain based on relevant literature. Cysteine Is a building block for structural and functional proteins in the body. Is starting substance for the formation of non-essential amino acids. Represents an important source of sulfur for humans. Is a component of the body’s antioxidant … Cysteine: Functions
The amino acid glutamate (glutamic acid; abbreviations Glu in the three-letter code and E in the one-letter code) is a proteinogenic amino acid (used to form proteins) with a COOH group in the side chain. It belongs to the acidic amino acids. Only the L-configuration of the amino acid has a biological effect in the … Glutamate: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
The following are the effects of glutamate on humans that are considered certain based on relevant literature: Glutamate Is a building block for structural and functional proteins in the body. Is starting substance for the formation of non-essential amino acids. Acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. Is a precursor of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric … Glutamate: Functions
The amino acid glycine (abbreviations Gly in the three-letter code and G in the one-letter code) is the smallest and simplest proteinogenic amino acid (used to form proteins) with a hydrogen atom (H) side chain. It belongs to the neutral amino acids. Only the L-configuration of the amino acid has a biological effect in the … Glycine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
The following are the effects of glycine on humans that are considered certain based on relevant literature. Glycine Is a building block for structural and functional proteins in the body. Is starting substance for the formation of non-essential amino acids. Is a component of the body’s antioxidant glutathione. Is involved in the synthesis of heme … Glycine: Functions
Isoleucine Proteinogenic amino acids can be divided into different groups depending on the structure of their side chains. Isoleucine, along with leucine, valine, alanine, and glycine, belongs to the amino acids with aliphatic side chains, meaning that these carry only one carbon side chain and are nonpolar. In addition, isoleucine, leucine and valine are called … Isoleucine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport and Distribution
Isoleucine occupies a special function in protein metabolism. The essential amino acid is predominantly involved in building new tissues and is very effective for enhanced protein biosynthesis in muscles and liver.Isoleucine plays an essential role in: Strength and endurance sports Stress Diseases and diet Isoleucine as an energy supplier in strength and endurance sportsIsoleucine enters … Isoleucine: Functions
L-methionine belongs to the essential (vital) amino acids and cannot be produced by the human organism itself. Accordingly, an adequate dietary intake is of considerable importance. Methionine is an important source of sulfur in the human diet. It has a sulfur atom organically bound in the side chain between the CH2 and CH3 groups. The … Methionine: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
Methionine plays the role in metabolism as a supplier of methyl groups (CH3), which are required for essential biosyntheses. To perform this function, the essential amino acid must first be activated with ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The reaction steps of methionine activation are catalyzed by methionine adenosyl transferase. As a result of the cleavage of triphosphate, … Methionine: Functions
Non-essential amino acids are building blocks of proteins that the body can produce on its own. Their rate of synthesis depends only on macronutrient intake. Non-essential amino acids include: Alanine Aspartic acid (= aspartate) Glutamic acid (= glutamate) Serine If the body lacks an amino acid or an endogenous agent formed from it, such as … Nonessential Amino Acids
Semi-essential (conditionally essential) amino acids can be formed from other amino acids in the body. For example, the synthesis of cysteine is partially possible from the essential (necessary for life) amino acid methionine, and tyrosine can be formed from the essential amino acid phenylalanine. Under certain conditions – e.g., age, growth phase, illness, or physical … Semi-essential Amino Acids
