The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE intake recommendations (e.g., due to dietary habits, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, … Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Intake
Based on their saturation, three groups of fatty acids are distinguished: Saturated fatty acids (SAFA, SFA = Saturated Fatty Acids). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA = Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acids). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA = Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids). The essential (vital) fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). They can not be formed by the … Omega-6 Fatty Acids
Recommendation of the German Nutrition Society (DGE): women and men of any age, as well as pregnant and breastfeeding women: 2.5 [in % of daily energy] The most important omega-6 fatty acids are: Linoleic acid (LA) Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA) Arachidonic acid (AA) Recommendation of the German Society for Nutrition (DGE). Linoleic acid … Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Food
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE intake recommendations (e.g., due to dietary habits, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, … Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Intake
The protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids relate specifically to the following risk factors [3, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 30]. Hypertriglyceridemia Hypercholesterolemia Fibrinogen level Arterial hypertension Increased blood clotting tendency Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Apoplexy (stroke) Circulatory or cardiac arrhythmias Coronary artery disease (CAD) From a … Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): Functions
Interactions of omega-3 fatty acids with other micronutrients (vital substances): Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid compete for the same enzymes in the synthesis of other biologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). For this reason, a high administration of linoleic acid … Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Interactions
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) belongs to the group of omega-3 fatty acids. It consists of 18 carbon atoms and is a triple-unsaturated fatty acid. The three double bonds are located between the ninth C atom and the methyl end – C18:3, n-3. ALA is one of the essential fatty acids. The reason for this is the … Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA): Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
Conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are absorbed, on the one hand, through the consumption of fish and algae. On the other hand, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the substrate for the formation of EPA and DHA, and 10% of ALA ingested through vegetable oils is enzymatically converted … Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA): Functions
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid The two essential fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) compete for the same enzymes in the synthesis of other polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, alpha-linolenic acid has a higher affinity (binding strength) to these enzyme systems compared … Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA): Interactions
Recommendation of the German Nutrition Society (DGE). Alpha-linolenic acid should constitute 0.5% of daily dietary energy. For a reference level of 2,000 kcal/day, this corresponds to approximately 1 g of alpha-linolenic acid per day. Alpha-linolenic acid content – expressed in g – per 100 g of foodstuff Pumpkin seed oil 0,48 Soybean oil 7,70 Wheat … Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA): Food Products
A deficiency of alpha-linolenic acid results in decreased conversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as well as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Thus, changes in the composition of cell membranes as well as increased inflammatory reactions may occur. The following deficiency symptoms may occur: Impaired vision, impaired wound healing, skin and scalp inflammation, neurological disorders such as depression, … Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA): Deficiency Symptoms
The DGE (German Nutrition Society) recommends a daily intake of 0.5% of total energy intake of alpha-linolenic acid.An adult person achieves this with about 10.0 g to 17.5 g of canola oil, which is equivalent to 1 to 1.5 tablespoons, or with about 1.8 g to 3.1 g of linseed oil, which is equivalent to … Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA): Intake
