In the early stages of folic acid deficiency, physical symptoms are absent, but an increase in serum homocysteine levels in the blood may already be evident. Folic acid deficiency affects rapidly dividing cells in particular. Therefore, deficiency symptoms appear especially in the blood picture, because blood cells are formed from rapidly dividing cells of the … Folic Acid (Folate): Symptoms of Deficiency
Risk groups for folic acid deficiency include individuals with: Biographical causes Age > 60 years A low socioeconomic status or low dietary patterns – mostly low folic acid diet. Pregnancy at a young age – folate stores are insufficiently filled after the growth spurt of puberty. Inadequate folate supply during pregnancy increases the risk of … Folic Acid (Folate): Risk Groups
The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Folic Acid (Folate): Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and showed how this affects the average daily nutrient intake of macronutrients and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for assessing nutrient … Folic Acid (Folate): Supply Situation
Folic acid (folate) The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term … Folic Acid (Folate): Intake
THF is involved in the following 1-carbon unit metabolic pathways: Methylation of homocysteine to methionine – 5-methyl THF provides the necessary methyl groups, which are transferred to homocysteine by methylene THF reductase as well as methionine synthase – with vitamin B12 as cofactor – formation of THF and methionine. Conversion of glycine to serine and … Folic Acid (Folate): Functions
Interactions of folic acid with other micronutrients (vital substances): Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folic acid The metabolism of homocysteine, which plays a mediating role in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, provides an example of the interdependence of vital substances to optimize or maintain physiological functions and thus health. Healthy individuals can metabolize homocysteine … Folic Acid (Folate): Interactions
