These flavin co-enzymes are of great importance for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins – furthermore for the pyridoxine, niacin, folic acid and vitamin K metabolism.Riboflavin is also significant for the regeneration of the “glutathione system”, which occupies a central position in the “antioxidant network” of the body: Glutathione reductase is an FAD-dependent enzyme … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Functions
Interactions of riboflavin (vitamin B2) with other micronutrients (vital substances): Vitamin B complex Because flavoproteins interfere with the metabolism of some other vitamins such as vitamin B6, niacin, and folic acid, a marked riboflavin deficiency affects diverse enzyme systems. The conversion of naturally occurring vitamin B6 to its co-enzyme form – pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) – … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Interactions
Riboflavin deficiency rarely occurs alone and is often found in combination with deficiencies of other water-soluble vitamins. Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency may include: Sore throat Redness and swelling of the mouth and throat Cracks at the corner of the mouth Inflammation and redness of the tongue (glossitis) Vascular malformation in the cornea of the eyes … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Deficiency Symptoms
At-risk groups for vitamin B2 deficiency include individuals with Age >= 65 years Young women Underweight (BMI < 18.5) Pregnant and breastfeeding women Heavy physical activity Severe diseases After operations and traumas High cigarette consumption Chronic alcohol abuse Severe malnutrition and malnutrition Long-term parenteral nutrition Malabsorption (Crohn’s disease, sprue, chronic enteritis). Diabetes mellitus due to … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Risk Groups
The United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Intake
