The anamnesis (medical history) represents an important component in the diagnosis of abdominal trauma (abdominal trauma). In order to assess the nature and extent of abdominal trauma, it is enormously important to reconstruct how the accident occurred. If the affected person is unresponsive, accident witnesses must be consulted. Current anamnesis/systemic anamnesis (somatic and psychological complaints). … Abdominal Trauma: Medical History
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Retroperitoneal hematoma – hematoma in the retroperitoneal space (structures that lie behind and are not enclosed by the peritoneum) Injuries, poisoning, and other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98). Abdominal wall hematoma (bruise in the abdominal wall). Abdominal wall contusion Pelvic fractures (fractures of the pelvis) Rib … Abdominal Trauma: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by abdominal trauma (abdominal trauma): Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Posttraumatic cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation caused by the injury). Posttraumatic pancreatitis (pancreatitis caused by the injury). Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Intestinal prolapse (bowel … Abdominal Trauma: Complications
The entire body should always be searched to rule out concomitant injuries! A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin (complete undressing to include all wounds) [bruise marks? – e.g., seat belt marks, steering wheel; hematomas … Abdominal Trauma: Examination
Laboratory parameters of 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood), sediment, urine culture if necessary (pathogen detection and resistogram, i.e. testing suitable antibiotics for sensitivity/resistance). Electrolytes – calcium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphate. Pancreatic parameters – amylase, elastase (in … Abdominal Trauma: Test and Diagnosis
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) according to FAST(“focused assessment with sonography for trauma”) or eFAST(“extended FAST”) protocol Free fluid? (Hematoperitoneum/bleeding into the free abdominal cavity): if so, indicates internal bleeding Organ injuries? Organ ruptures (organ tears)? [v. a. spleen, liver, pancreas (pancreas)] Radiographic examination of the abdomen – in … Abdominal Trauma: Diagnostic Tests
Blunt abdominal trauma with intra-abdominal hemorrhage (bleeding in the abdomen) and/or organ injury is always an indication for surgical intervention. In the case of severe bleeding, surgery must be performed immediately, whereas in the case of minor bleeding, it is possible to wait initially – provided that blood pressure and pulse are stable – to … Abdominal Trauma: Surgical Therapy
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate abdominal trauma (abdominal trauma): Acute abdomen – acute (sudden) onset of symptoms in the setting of life-threatening abdominal injury; symptoms: Abdominal pain (abdominal tenderness), nausea (nausea)/vomiting, peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum with guarding), impaired general condition (possibly shock); often, the patient lies on his or her back with … Abdominal Trauma: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Abdominal trauma (abdominal trauma) is differentiated by cause as follows: Blunt abdominal trauma – the abdominal wall is intact. Traffic accidents (about 70%) Impact injuries (about 15%) Falls (approx. 6-9 %) More see below Perforating abdominal trauma – due to stabbing, gunshot or impalement injuries. Abdominal trauma may involve injuries such … Abdominal Trauma: Causes
General measures First aid or emergency measures (at the scene of an accident): Stabilization of vital functions (cardiovascular functions). Shock treatment (volume administration) Wound care Have foreign body removed first in a medical facility If intestinal loops have prolapsed: cover sterilely! Calm patients Remove constricted clothing Lie patients down so that the abdominal wall is … Abdominal Trauma: Therapy
