To prevent cervical spine syndrome, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Obesity (overweight) Former smoking High job demands/chronic stress Heavy physical work Subjective health attitude
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate cervical spine syndrome (cervical spine syndrome): Disturbances in sensation in the arms/hands that occur when the head is moved. Cephalgia (headache), sometimes radiating to the back of the head Signs of paralysis in the arms Muscle stiffness/tension in the neck muscles (relieving posture, muscle hard tension). Neck pain* … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Cervical spine syndrome has a multifactorial etiology. An interplay between structural changes and muscular dysfunction is thought to occur. One cause cannot be found in most cases. In less than one percent, a dangerous underlying disease is present. Etiology (causes) Biographic causes Occupations – occupations that involve above-average stress on the cervical … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Causes
A variety of treatments are available, and the effects of each have been poorly studied. General measures Resumption of normal physical activities as soon as possible should be a primary goal of the affected person. Sleep recommendations At night, the cervical spine should best be relaxed by a pillow suitable for the neck. This supports … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Therapy
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by cervical spine syndrome (CWS syndrome): Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Dissection of the vertebral artery/internal carotid artery – splitting of the wall layers of the vertebral artery/carotid artery. Epidural hematoma (synonyms: epidural hematoma; epidural hemorrhage) – bleeding into the epidural space (space … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin (normal: intact; abrasions/wounds, redness, hematomas (bruises), scars) and mucous membranes. Gait (fluid, limping). Body or joint posture (upright, bent, gentle posture; asymmetries? (pelvic obliquity (= leg length difference … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Examination
2nd-order laboratory parameters-depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters-for differential diagnostic clarification. Small blood count Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes, ostase, urinary calcium, PTHrP, CEA, PSA – due to exclusion of bone metastases.
Therapeutic target Pain relief in acute/subacute cervical spine syndrome. Therapy recommendations Analgesia (pain relief) according to WHO staging scheme: Non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, first-line agent). Low-potency opioid analgesic (e.g., tramadol) + non-opioid analgesic. High-potency opioid analgesic (eg, morphine) + non-opioid analgesic. If necessary, also antiphlogistics / drugs that inhibit inflammatory processes (ie, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAID), … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Drug Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification if there is evidence of a clear cause of the symptomatology X-ray of the cervical spine Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; computer-assisted cross-sectional imaging method (using magnetic fields, i.e., without … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Diagnostic Tests
Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of cervical spine syndrome (cervical spine syndrome). Family history Are there any musculoskeletal conditions in your family that are common? Social history What is your profession? Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Medical History
Respiratory System (J00-J99). Respiratory tract (airway) disorders, unspecified. Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the heart area). Aortic aneurysm – bulging of the wall of the aorta (main artery). Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Dissection of the vertebral artery/internal carotid artery – splitting of the wall layers of the vertebral … Cervical Spine Syndrome: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
