Anamnesis (medical history) represents an important component in the diagnosis of ankle arthralgia (ankle pain). Family history Are there any diseases of bones/joints in your family that are common? Social history What is your profession? Do you work physically hard in your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Where is the pain … Ankle Pain: Medical History
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Ankle arthritis Osteoporosis (bone loss) Rheumatic diseases, unspecified Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48) Neoplasms, unspecified Metastases (daughter tumors), unspecified neoplasms. Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98). Achilles tendon rupture – rupture of the Achilles tendon. Ligament injuries, unspecified Luxation in the region of the ankle joint, … Ankle Pain: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by ankle arthralgia (ankle pain): Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Movement restriction/restraint
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin (normal: intact; abrasions/wounds, redness, hematomas (bruises), scars) and mucous membranes. Gait (fluid, limping). Body or joint posture (upright, bent, gentle posture). Malpositions (deformities, contractures, shortenings). Muscle atrophies (side … Ankle Pain: Examination
2nd-order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). If necessary, osteoporosis diagnostics (see at the corresponding clinical picture). If necessary, rheumatism diagnostics (see with the corresponding clinical … Ankle Pain: Test and Diagnosis
General measures Depending on the disease and stage of disease: Relief and immobilization Sports leave In case of joint effusion: Immobilization and rest with cooling and elevation of the joint must be observed Observance of the PECH rule: “P” pause: stop playing sports, rest, immobilization. “E” ice/cooling: immediate application of cold, this is crucial for … Ankle Pain: Therapy
Therapy goals Reduction of pain and thus increase in mobility. Diagnosis finding Therapy recommendations Analgesia (pain relief) during diagnosis until definitive therapy according to WHO staging scheme: Non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, first-line agent). Low-potency opioid analgesic (e.g., tramadol) + non-opioid analgesic. High-potency opioid analgesic (eg, morphine) + non-opioid analgesic. See also under “Further therapy“.
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. X-rays of the ankle joint Computed tomography (CT; sectional imaging procedure (X-ray images taken from different directions with computer-based evaluation), particularly well suited for visualizing bony injuries) of the … Ankle Pain: Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate ankle arthralgia (ankle pain): Radiating pain to the foot/lower leg. Restriction of movement Gentle posture Tension / hardening of the muscles
