Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of cholera. Family history What is the general health of your family members? Social history Have you been abroad recently? If so, where? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? Do you suffer from diarrhea? If yes, … Cholera: Medical History
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The diarrhea (diarrhea) can lead to severe dehydration (lack of fluids) within a few hours and can be life-threatening. In Germany, cholera vaccination is administered as an oral vaccination using a vaccine made from killed pathogens (inactivated Vibrio cholerae WC-rBS, serovar O1, all … Cholera Vaccination
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Infection with viruses such as rota viruses. Infection with bacteria such as the Salmonella, Shigella or Clostridia. Infection with amoebae
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by cholera: Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Dehydration / massive desiccosis (dehydration). Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Circulatory insufficiency associated with fluid/electrolyte deficiency. Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99). Uremia (occurrence of urinary substances in the blood above normal … Cholera: Secondary Diseases
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin texture? Efflorescences (skin changes)? Pulsations? Bowel movements? Visible vessels? Scars? … Cholera: Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Pathogen detection* in a bacterial culture from stool or vomit. * Reportable in the sense of the Infection Protection Act: the direct or indirect detection of cholera (report by name!).
Therapeutic targets Rehydration (fluid balance). Improvement of the symptomatology Elimination of pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations The most important therapeutic goal is to compensate for fluid and electrolyte losses: according to the WHO, this should be done with oral substitution of 3.5 g NaCl, 1.5 g KCl, 20 g NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) and 20 … Cholera: Drug Therapy
Cholera vaccination is the most important and effective preventive measure.Furthermore, to prevent cholera, attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet – consumption of raw food and beverages suspected of contamination in endemic areas. Disease-related risk factors Malnutrition In addition, underlying diseases of all kinds affect the extent and outcome of … Cholera: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate cholera: Leading symptoms Nausea (nausea) Vomiting of watery stomach contents, bilious, possibly blood admixtures. Diarrhea (diarrhea), rice water colored (rice water stool). Abdominal pain (abdominal pain) Due to the extreme and rapid fluid losses, the sick person appears with sunken face, washerwoman hands and “barge belly” – retracted … Cholera: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae is transmitted fecal-orally. Infectivity (contagiousness) is relatively low; it is usually destroyed while still in the stomach. However, if the pathogen overcomes the stomach, it attaches to the enterocytes (hem cells; by far the most common cell in the small intestinal epithelium) and multiplies. … Cholera: Causes
