Gestational Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by gestational diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes): Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Malformation prevalences (disease incidence) of children were in mothers: 0.29% without diabetes, With preconceptional diabetes 0.79%, With GDM 0.38 % For example, the adjusted RRs of cyanotic congenital … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Complications

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye) [edema (water retention)?] Auscultation (listening) of the heart. Auscultation of the lungs Gynecologic and obstetric examination – determine … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Examination

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Casual blood glucose measurement – if this is ≥ 200 mg/dl (> 11.1 mmol/l), then a fasting blood glucose measurement should be performed Fasting blood glucose measurement – if this is ≥ 92 mg/dl (> 5.1 mmol/l), then a second measurement should be performed and … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Test and Diagnosis

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Insulin therapy is indicated when stable blood glucose control cannot be achieved with the help of diet therapy, exercise, and lifestyle adjustments (see also “Other Therapy”). Blood glucose should be adjusted to the following values: Determination time Blood glucose value (BG, glucose) Fasting 65-95 mg/dl (3.6-5.3 mmol/l) 1h postprandial (after meal). <140 mg/dl … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Drug Therapy

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Ultrasound diagnostics in pregnancy should be routinely performed (see also under “Further notes”)[including determining whether there is an excess of the 75th percentile of fetal abdominal circumference/abdominal circumference (AU) (= morphologic substrate of excessive fetal (“infantile”) insulin secretion] Pregnant women who have previously undergone gestational diabetes should be advised of the … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Tests

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Prevention

To prevent gestational diabetes (gestational diabetes mellitus), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients. Overweight Prevention factors (protective factors) A meta-analysis demonstrated a 28% risk reduction for the development of gestational diabetes for pregnant women who engaged in physical activity. … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Prevention

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following factors may indicate gestational diabetes (gestational diabetes): Topical glucosuria – sugar in the urine. Current excessive weight gain Current polyhydramnios – pathological amniotic fluid proliferation. Current fetal macrosomia – large growth of the unborn child. Previous gestational diabetes Tendency to abortions (miscarriages) Birth of a child ≥ 4,500 g Birth of a child … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) Gestational diabetes results in hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) due to insulin resistance that occurs physiologically in the second half of pregnancy (because of the diabetogenic effect of progesterone) and a concomitant insulin secretory defect. It is assumed that a reduced insulin sensitivity, which usually already existed before the beginning of pregnancy, … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Causes

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Therapy

General measures Blood glucose (BG; blood glucose) should be adjusted to the following values: Determination time Blood glucose value Fasting 65-95 mg/dl (3.6-5.3 mmol/l) 1h postprandial (after meal). <140 mg/dl (<7.8 mmol/l) 2h postprandial < 120 mg/dl (< 6.7 mmol/l) Blood glucose self-monitoring Protocol of the first 14 days – 4-point protocol. Tag morning sober … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Therapy

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Manifest diabetes mellitus (diabetes), type 1 or type 2.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes (gestational diabetes mellitus). Family history Is diabetes mellitus (diabetes) common in your family? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social history Are you from any of the following ethnic groups: Africa, Central America, Middle East, East/South Asia? Current … Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Medical History