Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).
Family history
- Is there a frequent history of kidney disease/metabolic disorders in your family?
Social history
Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints).
- Do you suffer from burning/pain when urinating?
- How often do you need to urinate?
- What does the urine look like? Have there been any changes?
- What other symptoms have you noticed?
- How long have these symptoms existed?
- Have you noticed any change in the urine (blood/quantity/appearance)?
- Have you ever had colic as part of the change?
Vegetative anamnesis including nutritional anamnesis.
- Are you overweight? Please tell us your body weight (in kg) and height (in cm).
- What are your eating habits?
- High protein (high protein) diet (animal protein).
- High intake of oxalic acid-containing foods (chard, cocoa powder, spinach, rhubarb).
- High intake of calcium
- High purine intake (offal, herring, mackerel).
- High consumption of table salt (eg, canned and convenience foods).
- Drinks containing fructose
- How much do you drink on a daily basis?
- Do you get enough exercise every day?
- Do you drink alcohol? If so, what drink(s) and how many glasses per day?
Self history incl. medication history.
- Pre-existing conditions (renal disease, metabolic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperuricemia (gout), osteoporosis).
- Operations
- Allergies
Medication history
- Chronic antibiotic therapy – medications used to treat bacterial infections; three to twelve months after prescription, risk of kidney stones increases by 30-130%:
- Sulfonamides (e.g., sulfamethoxazole) (odds ratio, OR 2.3).
- Cephalosporins (OR 1.9).
- Fluoroquinolones (OR 1.7)
- Nitrofurantoin (OR 1.7)
- Broad-spectrum penicillins (OR 1.3)
- Laxative abuse – dependence on laxatives.
- Vitamin D intoxication (e.g. due torickets prophylaxis/prevention of bone softening in children).
* If this question has been answered with “Yes”, an immediate visit to the doctor is required! (Data without guarantee)
