Introduction
Lymph node swelling is a common symptom that can have a variety of causes. In most cases it is harmless, such as a flu-like infection. It is a natural defence reaction of the body against the pathogen.
In rare cases, however, a serious illness such as lymphoma (colloquially known as “lymph gland cancer“) and a serious infection, for example with HIV, can also be the trigger. Lymph node swelling alone does not justify suspicion of infection with the HI virus. However, if a risk has preceded it, for example through unprotected intercourse or an injury to a used needle, an HIV test should be carried out.
The infection can then either be ruled out or, if necessary, treatment can be initiated at an early stage. If one has actually become infected with HIV, other unspecific symptoms such as fever, fatigue or joint pain usually occur in addition to swelling of the lymph nodes. In some cases, however, an infection can initially proceed without any symptoms, so that only the HIV test after a risk contact can provide information.
Lymph node swelling during initial infection
After infection with HIV, only about one in two people develop early symptoms. In addition to fever, aching limbs and fatigue, the initial infection usually causes swelling of the lymph nodes. These are usually painful and appear about two to six weeks after infection.
Most frequently, the cervical lymph nodes are affected, but swelling is also possible in the groin and armpit region. However, lymph node swelling and the other symptoms mentioned above alone are no indication of HIV infection. In most cases it is a harmless cold.
Only if there is a risk of being infected with the HI-Virus, the suspicion is justified. In this case a corresponding test should be carried out by a doctor. There is a risk if two to six weeks before the lymph node swelling occurs, for example, if unprotected intercourse has taken place or if you have pricked yourself on a used needle.