The process of formation and formation of teeth is called odontogenesis. More precisely, it is understood as the period in which the first attachments of the milk teeth are formed and the eruption of the teeth of the permanent dentition occurs, along with the development of the dental ridge, the formation of enamel, dental crown, root and the entire periodontium in the periodontium.
What is odontogenesis?
The process of formation and formation of teeth is called odontogenesis. Odontogenesis begins as early as about forty days after ovulation, while the fetus is still measuring a few eight millimeters. The development of teeth as a process is very complex. In this process, the dental anlage forms the preliminary stage of the tooth with the dental bell. A natural oral space is created. During embryogenesis, tooth enamel, root element, dentin and root membrane develop. Between the fifth and eighth weeks of pregnancy, the differentiation of the tooth systems begins. They are divided into tooth bar, nodal, cap and bell stages, each of which has different processes of tooth development.
Function and task
Initially, the tooth bar grows from the inner layer of the ectoderm in the oral bay of the fetus, which then extends into the middle layer that forms the jaw. Thickenings form on this layer, preparing the actual deciduous dentition. Tooth buds develop into enamel caps, and these in turn form tooth papillae. The entire process leaves behind the construct of the enamel organ, which is initially cap-shaped in form and eventually resembles a bell. The tooth bud performs important functions, which include the tooth papilla, the tooth follicle, and the enamel organ, and consists of a collection of cells. In the dental papilla, cells are transformed into odontoblasts, which later form the dentin. The connection between the inner dental epithelium and the dental papilla determines the overall shape of the dental crown. Mesenchymal cells, in turn, provide for the formation of the dental pulp. The tooth follicles are also called tooth sacs. They prepare the tissue for the osteoblasts, centoblasts and fibroblasts, while the latter form the periodontal ligaments that connect the tooth to the tooth socket through a root element. This is where the various stages of tooth development occur, from the budding to the crown stage. While the tooth structure is forming, the tooth hard tissue, also known as tooth hard tissue, is also forming. This means the tooth crown, which consists of enamel and dentin. In dentistry, the formation of enamel is called amelogenesis and takes place during the crown stage. Ameloblasts provide the transport of certain proteins to produce the enamel. Dentin is tissue that is bone-like while being softer than enamel. Its formation is called dentinogenesis and goes through three stages. During tooth formation, primary dentin is produced, then secondary dentin is produced by the dental pulp, and stimulus dentin is produced by synthesis and later reduction of the dental pulp. Throughout the process, the dental bell is now demarcated from the outside. This is done by the outer enamel epithelium, while the highly prismatic inner enamel epithelium fills the inner surface. The latter faces the dental papilla and originates from the mesenchyme. Between the inner and outer enamel epithelium lies the enamel pulp. Finally, towards the end of odontogenesis, the root element is formed, known in dentistry as cementogenesis, as the cells form cementoblasts. There are still many unanswered questions about the origin of the gum. What is known is that the cells are anchored there by fibrous structures that are remnants of ameloblasts. Through cell division, the layer grows very quickly. Tooth eruption occurs as a result of the growth pressure increasing in the process of odontogenesis and the slow advancement of the deciduous teeth. The process is called teething and is very painful. Accompanying symptoms are redness, swelling and mild infections, which may be accompanied by increased body temperature. Teething occurs as soon as the first teeth emerge in the infant’s mouth and the mucous membrane overlying the teeth thins to release the tooth. When tooth eruption occurs varies from person to person. It can be early, but it can also be delayed. It usually begins as soon as the milk teeth have finished forming. This is the case after about eight months.First the incisors grow, then the first molar, the canine and finally the second molar. The milk teeth form the first set of teeth in the finished state, followed by the second and permanent set of teeth as a result of the milk teeth falling out. This usually occurs between the seventh and ninth years of the child’s life, starting with the loss of the posterior molars, and finally the central and lateral incisors. Finally, the front molars and canines are replaced with new teeth.
Diseases and complaints
During odontogenesis, some difficulties can occur that can result in dental diseases. However, delayed tooth eruption is not one of them. However, additional molars may form, for example, accompanied by a developmental disorder of the dental tissue. In dentistry, a distinction is made between congenital and acquired disorders. Congenital can be present, for example, in the number of teeth, but also in the shape and size of teeth. Due to a genetic defect, the enamel coating as a tooth coating can be completely missing. Dysodontia can also occur, which is a malformation of the tooth structure. Acquired changes, on the other hand, occur as a result of infections, injuries or, for example, rickets. In addition, there are tooth malpositions that result from a combination of acquired and congenital causes. These include dental malocclusion, in which individual teeth are tilted or twisted and in some cases may even erupt from the dental arch because the teeth have too little space in the jaw.
