Pneumonia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Respiratory System (J00-J99)

ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome) – adult acute respiratory failure.
Barotrauma – disorder caused by sudden increase or decrease in air pressure.
BOOP (Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia) – inflammation of the bronchi with narrowing of the lumen due to deposits and wall changes with transition to pneumonia.
Exogenous allergic alveolitis (EAA) – inflammation of the alveoli (alveoli) triggered by an allergic reaction.
Lung abscess – encapsulated accumulation of pus, usually caused by parasites.
Pulmonary edema – accumulation of water) in the lungs.
Lung contusion (pulmonary contusion)
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; severe acute respiratory syndrome) – when the respiratory tract is infected with the coronavirus SARS-CoV-1 (synonyms: SARS-associated coronavirus, SARS-CoV), atypical pneumonia (pneumonia) occurs; lethality (mortality rate) 10%.

Blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)

Lemierre syndrome (synonyms: Postanginal septicemia, postanginal sepsis, postanginal sepsis, necrobacillosis) – simultaneous occurrence of a triad of oropharyngeal infection (infection of the oral cavity and pharynx), Jugular vein thrombosis (thrombotic occlusion of one of the large jugular veins (jugular veins), usually the internal jugular vein), and septic pulmonary embolism (occurring when infectious material causes emboli/vascular occlusions of the pulmonary arteries)Note: Septic clinical picture develops several days after oropharyngeal infection.
Left ventricular failure (left heart failure) with pulmonary edema (accumulation of water in the lungs).
Pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarction – occlusion of one or more pulmonary vessels by a thrombus (blood clot) with resulting death of lung tissue.
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

Pulmonary abscess – encapsulated collections of pus, usually caused by parasites.
MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus); formerly referred to as Human Betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC, also Human Coronavirus EMC, was initially referred to as “New Coronavirus” NCoV); from the coronavirus family (Coronaviridae); first identified in 2012; causes severe respiratory infection; course: Acute onset flu-like illness that can progress to pneumonia (lung inflammation) during the first week and later to acute respiratory distress syndrome with renal failure; lethality 40%.
SARS-CoV-2 (synonyms: novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV); 2019-nCoV (2019-novel coronavirus; coronavirus 2019-nCoV); Wuhan coronavirus) – this respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in atypical pneumonia (pneumonia), which is called COVID-19 (Engl. Corona virus disease 2019; synonym: English Novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP)) has received; lethality (mortality based on the total number of people suffering from the disease) is 2.3%.
Tuberculosis (consumption) – infectious disease that affects mainly the lungs.

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).

Anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) disease (synonym: Goodpasture’s syndrome) – hemorrhagic (associated with bleeding) pneumonia with concomitant glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the renal corpuscles).
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis – necrotizing (tissue dying) vasculitis (vascular inflammation) of the small to medium-sized vessels (small vessel vasculitides), which is accompanied by granuloma formation (nodule formation) in the upper respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, middle ear, oropharynx) as well as the lower respiratory tract (lungs)
Collagenosis – various autoimmune diseases with changes in connective tissue.

Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).

Bronchial carcinoma (lung cancer)
Lymphoma – malignant neoplasms resulting from monoclonal growth of lymphoid cells.

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).

Injuries, poisoning, and other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).

Foreign body aspiration (inhalation of foreign bodies); symptoms: inspiratory stridor (breathing sound when inhaling (inspiration); esp. in children) – Note: When removing foreign bodies from the airways of children, an interdisciplinary approach is always required!

Medication