Products
Various veterinary drugs containing praziquantel are on the market in many countries. In contrast, no human drugs are registered. Human drugs are also available in Germany, the United States, and other countries, such as Biltricide film-coated tablets.
Structure and properties
Praziquantel (C19H24N2O2, Mr = 312.4 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as a white crystalline powder that is very slightly soluble in water. Praziquantel has a bitter taste and is hygroscopic.
Effects
Praziquantel (ATC P02BA01) has antihelminthic properties against trematodes (sucking worms) and cestodes (tapeworms). The effects are due to spastic paralysis of the parasites by contracture of the parasite muscles, which is triggered by an increased influx of calcium ions through the cell membrane. Praziquantel has a high first-pass metabolism and a half-life of approximately 1.5 hours.
Indications
For treatment of infestation with sucking worms (trematodes):
- Schistosomes (couple flukes), causative agent of schistosomiasis (bilharzia).
- Liver fluke
- Lung fluke
Dosage
According to the professional information. The dosage depends on the body weight. Tablets are taken during a meal.
Contraindications
Praziquantel is contraindicated in hypersensitivity, in intraocular cysticercosis, and in combination with strong CYP inducers such as rifampicin. For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Praziquantel is a CYP450 substrate and drug interactions with CYP inducers and CYP inhibitors are possible. Strong CYP inhibitors may reduce efficacy and are therefore contraindicated.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include headache, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, hives, and fatigue.
