Procedure of a gum transplantation

Gum transplantation is performed by a dentist with special training. After previous diagnostics, the planned procedure is performed in another appointment. For this purpose, a syringe is given in two places to anaesthetize both the donor and recipient sites.

As soon as this is effective, the recipient site is prepared. There are different techniques for this. In the simplest case, the edges of this site are “refreshed”, which means that a small layer is removed from the edge with the scalpel so that it starts to bleed.

This bleeding is necessary because the transplant itself has no blood vessels and must be supplied and nourished by the recipient site and its blood supply. This is the only way to ensure problem-free growth. The size of the required transplant is then marked at the donor site, often on the palate, and then cut out.

It is adapted at the recipient site and then tightly fixed with several sutures. The donor site must heal open. For better wound healing, a “dressing plate” can be produced for the palate.

This is a plate that fits tightly to the palate and the upper jaw teeth and is inserted after the procedure.This has a similar effect to a pressure bandage and thus dresses the developing wound, as it is applied directly after the removal. It must be worn for a whole day without a break at the beginning. This microsurgical procedure is one of the most uncomplicated standard procedures performed by a specialized dentist.

What are the risks?

However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with gum transplantation. Nerves can be hit during anesthesia, which leads to a loss of sensation in the corresponding area. The lower jaw is particularly affected here when a so-called “conduction anesthesia” is performed.

On the palate, there is a risk of hitting a larger blood vessel, which can lead to heavy (post-) bleeding. The increased blood loss sometimes causes the circulation to be somewhat disrupted. Very common side effects, which usually heal without problems, are swelling and wound pain. These subside after a few days.