Riboflavin

Products

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is contained in numerous drugs and dietary supplements and is commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, effervescent tablets, lozenges, as an injection preparation, and as a juice. Most of the products are combination preparations with other vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Riboflavin is contained in many plant and animal foods. A large proportion of the daily requirement is covered by dairy products. See also under riboflavin capsules (migraine prevention).

Structure and properties

Riboflavin (C17H20N4O6, Mr = 376.4 g/mol) exists as a yellow to orange-yellow, bitter-tasting, crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. It is a prodrug active in the form of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Riboflavin is sensitive to light and UV radiation. In some drugs, it is also present as riboflavin phosphate sodium, which is water soluble. Riboflavin phosphate is equivalent to FMN.

Effects

Riboflavin (ATC A11HA04) is active as a cofactor of many enzymes (flavoproteins). It has numerous effects in metabolism (selection):

  • Respiratory chain in mitochondria.
  • Antioxidant
  • Xenobiotics detoxification
  • Blood formation
  • Lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism
  • Immune system
  • Biosynthesis and metabolism of other vitamins

Indications and indications for use

For the prevention and treatment of riboflavin deficiency, eg:

  • Congenital vitamin B2-dependent metabolic disorders.
  • Treatment with drugs that interfere with riboflavin metabolism.
  • Phototherapy in premature and newborn infants.
  • Prevention of migraine, see under riboflavin capsules.

Dosage

According to the professional information.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity

For complete precautions, see the drug label.

Interactions

Some drugs may cause vitamin B2 deficiency. These include probenecid, some psychotropic drugs (phenothiazines), antibiotics, and sulfonamides.

Adverse effects

There are no known adverse effects. Riboflavin has low toxicity and is considered very well tolerated. However, it may discolor urine yellow and affect urinalyses.